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b911e80607
Adds the AggValue instruction, which computes the current aggregate result and writes it to a dedicated destination register. Unlike AggFinal, it does not overwrite or clear the accumulator register. This makes it possible to retrieve aggregate results multiple times—needed when processing window functions—while preserving the accumulator state.
47 KiB
47 KiB
Turso compatibility with SQLite
This document describes the compatibility of Turso with SQLite.
Table of contents
- Turso compatibility with SQLite
Overview
Turso aims to be fully compatible with SQLite, with opt-in features not supported by SQLite.
Features
- ✅ SQLite file format is fully supported
- 🚧 SQLite query language [status] is partially supported
- 🚧 SQLite C API [status] is partially supported
Limitations
- ⛔️ Concurrent access from multiple processes is not supported.
- ⛔️ Savepoints are not supported.
- ⛔️ Triggers are not supported.
- ⛔️ Vacuum is not supported.
SQLite query language
Statements
| Statement | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ALTER TABLE | Yes | |
| ANALYZE | No | |
| ATTACH DATABASE | Partial | Only for reads. All modifications will currently fail to find the table |
| BEGIN TRANSACTION | Partial | Transaction names are not supported. |
| COMMIT TRANSACTION | Partial | Transaction names are not supported. |
| CREATE INDEX | Partial | Only for columns (not arbitrary expressions) |
| CREATE TABLE | Partial | |
| CREATE TABLE ... STRICT | Partial | Strict schema mode is experimental. |
| CREATE TRIGGER | No | |
| CREATE VIEW | Yes | |
| CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE | Yes | |
| DELETE | Yes | |
| DETACH DATABASE | Yes | |
| DROP INDEX | Partial | Disabled by default. |
| DROP TABLE | Yes | |
| DROP TRIGGER | No | |
| DROP VIEW | Yes | |
| END TRANSACTION | Partial | Alias for COMMIT TRANSACTION |
| EXPLAIN | Yes | |
| INDEXED BY | No | |
| INSERT | Yes | |
| ON CONFLICT clause | Yes | |
| REINDEX | No | |
| RELEASE SAVEPOINT | No | |
| REPLACE | No | |
| RETURNING clause | Partial | DELETE is missing |
| ROLLBACK TRANSACTION | Yes | |
| SAVEPOINT | No | |
| SELECT | Yes | |
| SELECT ... WHERE | Yes | |
| SELECT ... WHERE ... LIKE | Yes | |
| SELECT ... LIMIT | Yes | |
| SELECT ... ORDER BY | Yes | |
| SELECT ... GROUP BY | Yes | |
| SELECT ... HAVING | Yes | |
| SELECT ... JOIN | Yes | |
| SELECT ... CROSS JOIN | Yes | SQLite CROSS JOIN means "do not reorder joins". We don't support that yet anyway. |
| SELECT ... INNER JOIN | Yes | |
| SELECT ... OUTER JOIN | Partial | no RIGHT JOIN |
| SELECT ... JOIN USING | Yes | |
| SELECT ... NATURAL JOIN | Yes | |
| UPDATE | Yes | |
| VACUUM | No | |
| WITH clause | Partial | No RECURSIVE, no MATERIALIZED, only SELECT supported in CTEs |
PRAGMA
| Statement | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| PRAGMA analysis_limit | No | |
| PRAGMA application_id | Yes | |
| PRAGMA auto_vacuum | No | |
| PRAGMA automatic_index | No | |
| PRAGMA busy_timeout | No | |
| PRAGMA busy_timeout | No | |
| PRAGMA cache_size | Yes | |
| PRAGMA cache_spill | No | |
| PRAGMA case_sensitive_like | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA cell_size_check | No | |
| PRAGMA checkpoint_fullsync | No | |
| PRAGMA collation_list | No | |
| PRAGMA compile_options | No | |
| PRAGMA count_changes | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA data_store_directory | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA data_version | No | |
| PRAGMA database_list | Yes | |
| PRAGMA default_cache_size | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys | No | |
| PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA encoding | Yes | |
| PRAGMA foreign_key_check | No | |
| PRAGMA foreign_key_list | No | |
| PRAGMA foreign_keys | No | |
| PRAGMA freelist_count | Yes | |
| PRAGMA full_column_names | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA fullsync | No | |
| PRAGMA function_list | No | |
| PRAGMA hard_heap_limit | No | |
| PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints | No | |
| PRAGMA incremental_vacuum | No | |
| PRAGMA index_info | No | |
| PRAGMA index_list | No | |
| PRAGMA index_xinfo | No | |
| PRAGMA integrity_check | Yes | |
| PRAGMA journal_mode | Yes | |
| PRAGMA journal_size_limit | No | |
| PRAGMA legacy_alter_table | No | |
| PRAGMA legacy_file_format | Yes | |
| PRAGMA locking_mode | No | |
| PRAGMA max_page_count | Yes | |
| PRAGMA mmap_size | No | |
| PRAGMA module_list | No | |
| PRAGMA optimize | No | |
| PRAGMA page_count | Yes | |
| PRAGMA page_size | Yes | |
| PRAGMA parser_trace | No | |
| PRAGMA pragma_list | Yes | |
| PRAGMA query_only | Yes | |
| PRAGMA quick_check | No | |
| PRAGMA read_uncommitted | No | |
| PRAGMA recursive_triggers | No | |
| PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects | No | |
| PRAGMA schema_version | Yes | For writes, emulate defensive mode (always noop) |
| PRAGMA secure_delete | No | |
| PRAGMA short_column_names | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA shrink_memory | No | |
| PRAGMA soft_heap_limit | No | |
| PRAGMA stats | No | Used for testing in SQLite |
| PRAGMA synchronous | Partial | OFF and FULL supported |
| PRAGMA table_info | Yes | |
| PRAGMA table_list | No | |
| PRAGMA table_xinfo | No | |
| PRAGMA temp_store | No | |
| PRAGMA temp_store_directory | Not Needed | deprecated in SQLite |
| PRAGMA threads | No | |
| PRAGMA trusted_schema | No | |
| PRAGMA user_version | Yes | |
| PRAGMA vdbe_addoptrace | No | |
| PRAGMA vdbe_debug | No | |
| PRAGMA vdbe_listing | No | |
| PRAGMA vdbe_trace | No | |
| PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint | No | |
| PRAGMA wal_checkpoint | Partial | Not Needed calling with param (pragma-value) |
| PRAGMA writable_schema | No |
Expressions
Feature support of sqlite expr syntax.
| Syntax | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| literals | Yes | |
| schema.table.column | Partial | Schemas aren't supported |
| unary operator | Yes | |
| binary operator | Partial | Only %, !<, and !> are unsupported |
| agg() FILTER (WHERE ...) | No | Is incorrectly ignored |
| ... OVER (...) | No | Is incorrectly ignored |
| (expr) | Yes | |
| CAST (expr AS type) | Yes | |
| COLLATE | Partial | Custom Collations not supported |
| (NOT) LIKE | Yes | |
| (NOT) GLOB | Yes | |
| (NOT) REGEXP | No | |
| (NOT) MATCH | No | |
| IS (NOT) | Yes | |
| IS (NOT) DISTINCT FROM | Yes | |
| (NOT) BETWEEN ... AND ... | Yes | Expression is rewritten in the optimizer |
| (NOT) IN (subquery) | No | |
| (NOT) EXISTS (subquery) | No | |
| CASE WHEN THEN ELSE END | Yes | |
| RAISE | No |
SQL functions
Scalar functions
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| abs(X) | Yes | |
| changes() | Partial | Still need to support update statements and triggers |
| char(X1,X2,...,XN) | Yes | |
| coalesce(X,Y,...) | Yes | |
| concat(X,...) | Yes | |
| concat_ws(SEP,X,...) | Yes | |
| format(FORMAT,...) | No | |
| glob(X,Y) | Yes | |
| hex(X) | Yes | |
| ifnull(X,Y) | Yes | |
| iif(X,Y,Z) | Yes | |
| instr(X,Y) | Yes | |
| last_insert_rowid() | Yes | |
| length(X) | Yes | |
| like(X,Y) | Yes | |
| like(X,Y,Z) | Yes | |
| likelihood(X,Y) | Yes | |
| likely(X) | Yes | |
| load_extension(X) | Yes | sqlite3 extensions not yet supported |
| load_extension(X,Y) | No | |
| lower(X) | Yes | |
| ltrim(X) | Yes | |
| ltrim(X,Y) | Yes | |
| max(X,Y,...) | Yes | |
| min(X,Y,...) | Yes | |
| nullif(X,Y) | Yes | |
| octet_length(X) | Yes | |
| printf(FORMAT,...) | Yes | Still need support additional modifiers |
| quote(X) | Yes | |
| random() | Yes | |
| randomblob(N) | Yes | |
| replace(X,Y,Z) | Yes | |
| round(X) | Yes | |
| round(X,Y) | Yes | |
| rtrim(X) | Yes | |
| rtrim(X,Y) | Yes | |
| sign(X) | Yes | |
| soundex(X) | Yes | |
| sqlite_compileoption_get(N) | No | |
| sqlite_compileoption_used(X) | No | |
| sqlite_offset(X) | No | |
| sqlite_source_id() | Yes | |
| sqlite_version() | Yes | |
| substr(X,Y,Z) | Yes | |
| substr(X,Y) | Yes | |
| substring(X,Y,Z) | Yes | |
| substring(X,Y) | Yes | |
| total_changes() | Partial | Still need to support update statements and triggers |
| trim(X) | Yes | |
| trim(X,Y) | Yes | |
| typeof(X) | Yes | |
| unhex(X) | Yes | |
| unhex(X,Y) | Yes | |
| unicode(X) | Yes | |
| unlikely(X) | Yes | |
| upper(X) | Yes | |
| zeroblob(N) | Yes |
Mathematical functions
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| acos(X) | Yes | |
| acosh(X) | Yes | |
| asin(X) | Yes | |
| asinh(X) | Yes | |
| atan(X) | Yes | |
| atan2(Y,X) | Yes | |
| atanh(X) | Yes | |
| ceil(X) | Yes | |
| ceiling(X) | Yes | |
| cos(X) | Yes | |
| cosh(X) | Yes | |
| degrees(X) | Yes | |
| exp(X) | Yes | |
| floor(X) | Yes | |
| ln(X) | Yes | |
| log(B,X) | Yes | |
| log(X) | Yes | |
| log10(X) | Yes | |
| log2(X) | Yes | |
| mod(X,Y) | Yes | |
| pi() | Yes | |
| pow(X,Y) | Yes | |
| power(X,Y) | Yes | |
| radians(X) | Yes | |
| sin(X) | Yes | |
| sinh(X) | Yes | |
| sqrt(X) | Yes | |
| tan(X) | Yes | |
| tanh(X) | Yes | |
| trunc(X) | Yes |
Aggregate functions
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| avg(X) | Yes | |
| count() | Yes | |
| count(*) | Yes | |
| group_concat(X) | Yes | |
| group_concat(X,Y) | Yes | |
| string_agg(X,Y) | Yes | |
| max(X) | Yes | |
| min(X) | Yes | |
| sum(X) | Yes | |
| total(X) | Yes |
Date and time functions
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| date() | Yes | partially supports modifiers |
| time() | Yes | partially supports modifiers |
| datetime() | Yes | partially supports modifiers |
| julianday() | Yes | partially support modifiers |
| unixepoch() | Partial | does not support modifiers |
| strftime() | Yes | partially supports modifiers |
| timediff() | Yes | partially supports modifiers |
Modifiers:
| Modifier | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Days | Yes | |
| Hours | Yes | |
| Minutes | Yes | |
| Seconds | Yes | |
| Months | Yes | |
| Years | Yes | |
| TimeOffset | Yes | |
| DateOffset | Yes | |
| DateTimeOffset | Yes | |
| Ceiling | Yes | |
| Floor | No | |
| StartOfMonth | Yes | |
| StartOfYear | Yes | |
| StartOfDay | Yes | |
| Weekday(N) | Yes | |
| Auto | No | |
| UnixEpoch | No | |
| JulianDay | No | |
| Localtime | Partial | requires fixes to avoid double conversions. |
| Utc | Partial | requires fixes to avoid double conversions. |
| Subsec | Yes |
JSON functions
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| json(json) | Yes | |
| jsonb(json) | Yes | |
| json_array(value1,value2,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_array(value1,value2,...) | Yes | |
| json_array_length(json) | Yes | |
| json_array_length(json,path) | Yes | |
| json_error_position(json) | Yes | |
| json_extract(json,path,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_extract(json,path,...) | Yes | |
| json -> path | Yes | |
| json ->> path | Yes | |
| json_insert(json,path,value,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_insert(json,path,value,...) | Yes | |
| json_object(label1,value1,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_object(label1,value1,...) | Yes | |
| json_patch(json1,json2) | Yes | |
| jsonb_patch(json1,json2) | Yes | |
| json_pretty(json) | Yes | |
| json_remove(json,path,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_remove(json,path,...) | Yes | |
| json_replace(json,path,value,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_replace(json,path,value,...) | Yes | |
| json_set(json,path,value,...) | Yes | |
| jsonb_set(json,path,value,...) | Yes | |
| json_type(json) | Yes | |
| json_type(json,path) | Yes | |
| json_valid(json) | Yes | |
| json_valid(json,flags) | ||
| json_quote(value) | Yes | |
| json_group_array(value) | Yes | |
| jsonb_group_array(value) | Yes | |
| json_group_object(label,value) | Yes | |
| jsonb_group_object(name,value) | Yes | |
| json_each(json) | Yes | |
| json_each(json,path) | ||
| json_tree(json) | ||
| json_tree(json,path) |
SQLite C API
| Interface | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| sqlite3_open | Partial | |
| sqlite3_close | Yes | |
| sqlite3_prepare | Partial | |
| sqlite3_finalize | Yes | |
| sqlite3_step | Yes | |
| sqlite3_column_text | Yes |
SQLite VDBE opcodes
| Opcode | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Add | Yes | |
| AddImm | Yes | |
| Affinity | Yes | |
| AggFinal | Yes | |
| AggStep | Yes | |
| AggValue | Yes | |
| And | Yes | |
| AutoCommit | Yes | |
| BitAnd | Yes | |
| BitNot | Yes | |
| BitOr | Yes | |
| Blob | Yes | |
| BeginSubrtn | Yes | |
| Cast | Yes | |
| Checkpoint | Yes | |
| Clear | No | |
| Close | Yes | |
| CollSeq | Yes | |
| Column | Yes | |
| Compare | Yes | |
| Concat | Yes | |
| Copy | Yes | |
| Count | Yes | |
| CreateBTree | Partial | no temp databases |
| DecrJumpZero | Yes | |
| Delete | Yes | |
| Destroy | Yes | |
| Divide | Yes | |
| DropIndex | Yes | |
| DropTable | Yes | |
| DropTrigger | No | |
| EndCoroutine | Yes | |
| Eq | Yes | |
| Expire | No | |
| Explain | No | |
| FkCounter | No | |
| FkIfZero | No | |
| Found | Yes | |
| Function | Yes | |
| Ge | Yes | |
| Gosub | Yes | |
| Goto | Yes | |
| Gt | Yes | |
| Halt | Yes | |
| HaltIfNull | Yes | |
| IdxDelete | Yes | |
| IdxGE | Yes | |
| IdxInsert | Yes | |
| IdxLE | Yes | |
| IdxLT | Yes | |
| IdxRowid | Yes | |
| If | Yes | |
| IfNeg | No | |
| IfNot | Yes | |
| IfPos | Yes | |
| IfZero | No | |
| IncrVacuum | No | |
| Init | Yes | |
| InitCoroutine | Yes | |
| Insert | Yes | |
| Int64 | Yes | |
| Integer | Yes | |
| IntegrityCk | Yes | |
| IsNull | Yes | |
| IsUnique | No | |
| JournalMode | Yes | |
| Jump | Yes | |
| Last | Yes | |
| Le | Yes | |
| LoadAnalysis | No | |
| Lt | Yes | |
| MakeRecord | Yes | |
| MaxPgcnt | Yes | |
| MemMax | No | |
| Move | Yes | |
| Multiply | Yes | |
| MustBeInt | Yes | |
| Ne | Yes | |
| NewRowid | Yes | |
| Next | Yes | |
| Noop | Yes | |
| Not | Yes | |
| NotExists | Yes | |
| NotFound | Yes | |
| NotNull | Yes | |
| Null | Yes | |
| NullRow | Yes | |
| Once | Yes | |
| OpenAutoindex | Yes | |
| OpenDup | Yes | |
| OpenEphemeral | Yes | |
| OpenPseudo | Yes | |
| OpenRead | Yes | |
| OpenWrite | Yes | |
| Or | Yes | |
| Pagecount | Partial | no temp databases |
| Param | No | |
| ParseSchema | Yes | |
| Permutation | No | |
| Prev | Yes | |
| Program | No | |
| ReadCookie | Partial | no temp databases, only user_version supported |
| Real | Yes | |
| RealAffinity | Yes | |
| Remainder | Yes | |
| ResetCount | No | |
| ResetSorter | Partial | sorter cursors are not supported yet; only ephemeral tables are |
| ResultRow | Yes | |
| Return | Yes | |
| Rewind | Yes | |
| RowData | Yes | |
| RowId | Yes | |
| RowKey | No | |
| RowSetAdd | No | |
| RowSetRead | No | |
| RowSetTest | No | |
| Rowid | Yes | |
| SCopy | No | |
| Savepoint | No | |
| Seek | No | |
| SeekGe | Yes | |
| SeekGt | Yes | |
| SeekLe | Yes | |
| SeekLt | Yes | |
| SeekRowid | Yes | |
| SeekEnd | Yes | |
| Sequence | No | |
| SetCookie | Yes | |
| ShiftLeft | Yes | |
| ShiftRight | Yes | |
| SoftNull | Yes | |
| Sort | No | |
| SorterCompare | No | |
| SorterData | Yes | |
| SorterInsert | Yes | |
| SorterNext | Yes | |
| SorterOpen | Yes | |
| SorterSort | Yes | |
| String | NotNeeded | SQLite uses String for sized strings and String8 for null-terminated. All our strings are sized |
| String8 | Yes | |
| Subtract | Yes | |
| TableLock | No | |
| Trace | No | |
| Transaction | Yes | |
| VBegin | No | |
| VColumn | Yes | |
| VCreate | Yes | |
| VDestroy | Yes | |
| VFilter | Yes | |
| VNext | Yes | |
| VOpen | Yes | |
| VRename | No | |
| VUpdate | Yes | |
| Vacuum | No | |
| Variable | Yes | |
| Yield | Yes | |
| ZeroOrNull | Yes |
SQLite journaling modes
We currently don't have plan to support the rollback journal mode as it locks the database file during writes.
Therefore, all rollback-type modes (delete, truncate, persist, memory) are marked are Not Needed below.
| Journal mode | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| wal | Yes | |
| wal2 | No | experimental feature in sqlite |
| delete | Not Needed | |
| truncate | Not Needed | |
| persist | Not Needed | |
| memory | Not Needed |
Extensions
Turso has in-tree extensions.
UUID
UUID's in Turso are blobs by default.
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| uuid4() | Yes | UUID version 4 |
| uuid4_str() | Yes | UUID v4 string alias gen_random_uuid() for PG compatibility |
| uuid7(X?) | Yes | UUID version 7 (optional parameter for seconds since epoch) |
| uuid7_timestamp_ms(X) | Yes | Convert a UUID v7 to milliseconds since epoch |
| uuid_str(X) | Yes | Convert a valid UUID to string |
| uuid_blob(X) | Yes | Convert a valid UUID to blob |
regexp
The regexp extension is compatible with sqlean-regexp.
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| regexp(pattern, source) | Yes | |
| regexp_like(source, pattern) | Yes | |
| regexp_substr(source, pattern) | Yes | |
| regexp_capture(source, pattern[, n]) | Yes | |
| regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement) | Yes |
Vector
The vector extension is compatible with libSQL native vector search.
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| vector(x) | Yes | |
| vector32(x) | Yes | |
| vector64(x) | Yes | |
| vector_extract(x) | Yes | |
| vector_distance_cos(x, y) | Yes | |
| vector_distance_l2(x, y) | Yes | Euclidean distance |
| vector_concat(x, y) | Yes | |
| vector_slice(x, start_index, end_index) | Yes |
Time
The time extension is compatible with sqlean-time.
| Function | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| time_now() | Yes | |
| time_date(year, month, day[, hour, min, sec[, nsec[, offset_sec]]]) | Yes | |
| time_get_year(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_month(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_day(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_hour(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_minute(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_second(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_nano(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_weekday(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_yearday(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_isoyear(t) | Yes | |
| time_get_isoweek(t) | Yes | |
| time_get(t, field) | Yes | |
| time_unix(sec[, nsec]) | Yes | |
| time_milli(msec) | Yes | |
| time_micro(usec) | Yes | |
| time_nano(nsec) | Yes | |
| time_to_unix(t) | Yes | |
| time_to_milli(t) | Yes | |
| time_to_micro(t) | Yes | |
| time_to_nano(t) | Yes | |
| time_after(t, u) | Yes | |
| time_before(t, u) | Yes | |
| time_compare(t, u) | Yes | |
| time_equal(t, u) | Yes | |
| time_add(t, d) | Yes | |
| time_add_date(t, years[, months[, days]]) | Yes | |
| time_sub(t, u) | Yes | |
| time_since(t) | Yes | |
| time_until(t) | Yes | |
| time_trunc(t, field) | Yes | |
| time_trunc(t, d) | Yes | |
| time_round(t, d) | Yes | |
| time_fmt_iso(t[, offset_sec]) | Yes | |
| time_fmt_datetime(t[, offset_sec]) | Yes | |
| time_fmt_date(t[, offset_sec]) | Yes | |
| time_fmt_time(t[, offset_sec]) | Yes | |
| time_parse(s) | Yes | |
| dur_ns() | Yes | |
| dur_us() | Yes | |
| dur_ms() | Yes | |
| dur_s() | Yes | |
| dur_m() | Yes | |
| dur_h() | Yes |