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172 lines
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172 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: default
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permalink: /RE101/section2/
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title: Malware Techniques
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---
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[Go Back to Reverse Engineering Malware 101](https://securedorg.github.io/RE101/)
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# Section 2: Malware Techniques #
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## Typical Attack Flow ##
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| Perimeter Recon | Infiltrate | Internal Recon | Entrench | Exfiltrate | Purge |
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| ------------ |:------------:|:------------:|:------------:|:------------:|:------------:|
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |
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## Techniques Overview
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* [##Compression](#compression)
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* [##Obfuscation](#obfuscation)
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* [##Persistence](#persistence)
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* [##Privilege Escalation](#privilege-escalation)
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* [##Defense Evasion](#defense-evasion)
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* [##Credential Theft](#credential-theft)
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* [##Reconnaissance](#recon)
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* [##Lateral Movement](#lateral-movement)
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* [##Execution](#execution)
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* [##Collection](#collection)
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* [##Exfiltration](#exfiltration)
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* [##Command and Control](#command-and-control)
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---
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## Compression
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* Combining the compressed data with decompression code into a single executable
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* Runtime packers
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* Self extractive archives
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* List of packers
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* [Themida](http://www.oreans.com/themida.php)
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* [Armadillo](http://www.siliconrealms.com/armadillo.php)
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* [ASPack](http://www.aspack.com/aspack.html)
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* [ASPR (ASProtect)](http://www.aspack.com/asprotect32.html)
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* [BoxedApp Packer](http://www.boxedapp.com/boxedapppacker)
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* [CExe](http://www.scottlu.com/Content/CExe.html)
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* [dotBundle](http://www.dotbundle.com)
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* [Enigma Protector](http://www.enigmaprotector.com)
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* [EXE Bundle](http://www.webtoolmaster.com/exebundle.htm)
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* [EXE Stealth](http://www.webtoolmaster.com/exestealth.htm)
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* [eXPressor](http://www.cgsoftlabs.ro/express.html)
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* [FSG](http://xtreeme.prv.pl/)
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* [kkrunchy](http://www.farbrausch.de/~fg/kkrunchy/)
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* [MEW](https://web.archive.org/web/20070831063728/http://northfox.uw.hu/index.php?lang=eng&id=dev)
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* [MPRESS](http://www.matcode.com/mpress.htm)
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* [Obsidium](http://www.obsidium.de)
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* [PESpin](http://pespin.w.interia.pl)
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* [Petite](http://www.un4seen.com/petite)
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* [RLPack Basic](http://www.softpedia.com/get/Programming/Packers-Crypters-Protectors/RLPack-Basic-Edition.shtml)
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* [Smart Packer Pro](http://www.smartpacker.nl)
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* [Themida](http://www.oreans.com/themida.php)
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* [UPX](https://upx.github.io/)
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* [VMProtect](http://vmpsoft.com/products/vmprotect)
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* [XComp/XPack](http://soft-lab.de/JoKo)
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Obfuscation
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* Deliberate act of creating obfuscated code that is difficult for humans to understand
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* Plain text strings will appear as base64 or Xor
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* Malicious behavior will include junk functions or routines that do nothing to throw off the reverser.
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* Control-Flow Flattening
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* String Encryption
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---
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## Persistence
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* Once malware gains access to a system, it often looks to be there for a long time.
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* If the persistence mechanism is unique enough, it can even serve as a great way to identify a given piece of malware.
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---
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## Privilege Escalation
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* Exploiting a bug, design flaw or configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user.
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* Common Techniques:
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* Dll Search Order Hijacking
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* Dll injection
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* Exploiting a vulnerability
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* BufferOverflow
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* StackOverflow
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* Headspray
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* Return Orientated Programming (ROP)
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* Credential Theft
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* UAC Bypasses
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Example: Dll Search Order Hijacking
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---
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## Defense Evasion
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* Evading detection or avoiding defenses.
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* Common Techniques:
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* Killing AV
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* Deleting itself after a run
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* Timebombs/Timestomping
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* Stolen Certificates
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* Dll Side Loading
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* Masquerading
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* Process Hallowing
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---
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## Credential Theft
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* Going after password storage
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* Keylogging passwords
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* Screenshots
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Example: Mimikatz credential theft
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---
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## Reconnaissance
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* Gain knowledge about the system and internal network.
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---
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## Lateral Movement
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* Enable an adversary to access and control remote systems on a network and could
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---
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## Execution
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* Techniques that result in execution of adversary-controlled code on a local or remote system
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* scripts
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* post-exploitation
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---
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## Collection
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* Identify and gather information, such as sensitive files, from a target network prior to exfiltration
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---
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## Exfiltration
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* Removing files and information
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---
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## Command and Control
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* Communicate with systems under their control
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[x86 Assembly <- Back](https://securedorg.github.io/RE101/section1.3) | [Next -> Section 3](https://securedorg.github.io/RE101/section3)
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