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7.1 KiB
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---
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layout: default
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permalink: /RE101/section2.1/
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title: Malware Techniques
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---
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[Go Back to Reverse Engineering Malware 101](https://securedorg.github.io/RE101/)
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# Section 2.1: Malware Techniques #
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The malware classes may exhibit one or more of the following techniques. [Mitre Att&ck](https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Main_Page) framework provides a great reference for many of these techniques.
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## Techniques Overview
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* [Compression](#compression)
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* [Obfuscation](#obfuscation)
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* [Persistence](#persistence)
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* [Privilege Escalation](#privilege-escalation)
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* [Defense Evasion](#defense-evasion)
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* [Credential Theft](#credential-theft)
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* [Reconnaissance](#recon)
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* [Lateral Movement](#lateral-movement)
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* [Execution](#execution)
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* [Collection](#collection)
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* [Exfiltration](#exfiltration)
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* [Command and Control](#command-and-control)
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---
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## Compression
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* Combining the compressed data with decompression code into a single executable
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* Runtime packers
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* Self extractive archives
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* List of packers
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* [Themida](http://www.oreans.com/themida.php)
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* [Armadillo](http://www.siliconrealms.com/armadillo.php)
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* [ASPack](http://www.aspack.com/aspack.html)
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* [ASPR (ASProtect)](http://www.aspack.com/asprotect32.html)
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* [BoxedApp Packer](http://www.boxedapp.com/boxedapppacker)
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* [CExe](http://www.scottlu.com/Content/CExe.html)
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* [dotBundle](http://www.dotbundle.com)
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* [Enigma Protector](http://www.enigmaprotector.com)
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* [EXE Bundle](http://www.webtoolmaster.com/exebundle.htm)
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* [EXE Stealth](http://www.webtoolmaster.com/exestealth.htm)
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* [eXPressor](http://www.cgsoftlabs.ro/express.html)
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* [FSG](http://xtreeme.prv.pl/)
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* [kkrunchy](http://www.farbrausch.de/~fg/kkrunchy/)
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* [MEW](https://web.archive.org/web/20070831063728/http://northfox.uw.hu/index.php?lang=eng&id=dev)
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* [MPRESS](http://www.matcode.com/mpress.htm)
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* [Obsidium](http://www.obsidium.de)
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* [PESpin](http://pespin.w.interia.pl)
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* [Petite](http://www.un4seen.com/petite)
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* [RLPack Basic](http://www.softpedia.com/get/Programming/Packers-Crypters-Protectors/RLPack-Basic-Edition.shtml)
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* [Smart Packer Pro](http://www.smartpacker.nl)
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* [Themida](http://www.oreans.com/themida.php)
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* [UPX](https://upx.github.io/)
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* [VMProtect](http://vmpsoft.com/products/vmprotect)
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* [XComp/XPack](http://soft-lab.de/JoKo)
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Obfuscation
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* Deliberate act of creating obfuscated code that is difficult for humans to understand
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* Plain text strings will appear as base64 or Xor
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* Malicious behavior will include junk functions or routines that do nothing to throw off the reverser.
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* Control-Flow Flattening
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* String Encryption
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| EXTRAC32.EXE | f4d9660502220c22e367e084c7f5647c21ad4821d8c41ce68e1ac89975175051 | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/f4d9660502220c22e367e084c7f5647c21ad4821d8c41ce68e1ac89975175051/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Persistence
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* Once malware gains access to a system, it often looks to be there for a long time.
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* If the persistence mechanism is unique enough, it can even serve as a great way to identify a given piece of malware.
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Example: Dll Search Order Hijacking
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| Banker Trojan| cb07ec66c37f43512f140cd470912281f12d1bc9297e59c96134063f963d07ff | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/cb07ec66c37f43512f140cd470912281f12d1bc9297e59c96134063f963d07ff/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Privilege Escalation
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* Exploiting a bug, design flaw or configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user.
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* Common Techniques:
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* Dll Search Order Hijacking
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* Dll injection
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* Exploiting a vulnerability
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* BufferOverflow
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* StackOverflow
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* Heapspray
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* Return Orientated Programming (ROP)
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* Credential Theft
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* UAC Bypasses
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Defense Evasion
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* Evading detection or avoiding defenses.
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* Common Techniques:
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* Killing AV
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* Deleting itself after a run
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* Timebombs/Timestomping
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* Stolen Certificates
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* Dll Side Loading
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* Masquerading
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* Process Hallowing
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* Code Injection
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| darkcomet backdoor | 1be0ca062facda59239cc5621d0a3807a84ed7d39377041489b09d3870958fee | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/1be0ca062facda59239cc5621d0a3807a84ed7d39377041489b09d3870958fee/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Credential Theft
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* Going after password storage
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* Keylogging passwords
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* Screenshots
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Example: Mimikatz
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Credential theft
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| mimikatz | b4d7bfcfb8f85c4d2fb8cb33c1d6380e5b7501e492edf3787adee42e29e0bb25 | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/b4d7bfcfb8f85c4d2fb8cb33c1d6380e5b7501e492edf3787adee42e29e0bb25/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Reconnaissance
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* Gain knowledge about the system and internal network.
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Lateral Movement
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* Enable an adversary to access and control remote systems on a network and could
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| winmail.dat^QGIS-KOMIT .zip^QGIS-KOMIT .exe | c0f38384dd6c1536a0e19100b8d82759e240d58ed6ba50b433e892e02e819ebb | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/c0f38384dd6c1536a0e19100b8d82759e240d58ed6ba50b433e892e02e819ebb/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Execution
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* Techniques that result in execution of adversary-controlled code on a local or remote system
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* scripts
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* post-exploitation
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Collection
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* Identify and gather information, such as sensitive files, from a target network prior to exfiltration
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| keylogger | 5d5c01d72216410767d089a3aabddf7fdbe3b88aff3b51b6d32280c3439038fa | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/5d5c01d72216410767d089a3aabddf7fdbe3b88aff3b51b6d32280c3439038fa/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Exfiltration
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* Removing files and information
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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---
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## Command and Control
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* Communicate with systems under their control
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### Example Malware
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| Name | Hash | Link |
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| backdoor | 02fc2d262cb0d5e9d3e8202ea69013c5c8cc197685c73c0689cbeb243d508e76 | [virustotal](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/02fc2d262cb0d5e9d3e8202ea69013c5c8cc197685c73c0689cbeb243d508e76/analysis/) |
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[Goto Top^](#techniques-overview)
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[Malware Classes <- Back](https://securedorg.github.io/RE101/section2) | [Next -> Section 3](https://securedorg.github.io/RE101/section3)
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