We really need to make the WAL lock less expensive, but switching to
`parking_lot` is anyway something we should do.
Before:
```
Execute `SELECT 1`/Limbo
time: [56.230 ns 56.463 ns 56.688 ns]
```
After:
```
Execute `SELECT 1`/Limbo
time: [52.003 ns 52.132 ns 52.287 ns]
```
Since page cache is now shared by default, we need to cache pages by
page number and something else. I chose to go with max_frame of
connection, because this connection will have a max_frame set until from
the start of a transaction until the end of it.
With key pairs of (pgno, max_frame) we make sure each connection is
caching based on the snapshot it is at as two different connections
might have the same pageno being using but a different frame. If both
have same max_frame then they will share same page.
This includes an inner struct in Page wrapped with Unsafe cell to access
it. This is done intentionally because concurrency control of pages is
handled by pages and not by the page itself.
Since we expect to ensure thread safety between multiple threads in the
future, we extract what is important to be shared between multiple
connections with regards to WAL.
This is WIP so I just put whatever feels like important behind a RwLock
but expect this to change to Atomics in the future as needed. Maybe even
these locks might disappear because they will be better served with
transaction locks.
Implemeted checksums so that sqlite3 is able to read our WAL. This also
helps with future work on proper recovery of WAL.
Create some frames with CREATE TABLE and kill the process so that there
is no checkpoint.
```
Limbo v0.0.6
Enter ".help" for usage hints.
limbo> create table x(x);
limbo> [1] 15910 killed cargo run xlimbo.db
```
Now sqlite3 is able to recover from this WAL created in limbo:
```
sqlite3 xlimbo.db
SQLite version 3.43.2 2023-10-10 13:08:14
Enter ".help" for usage hints.
sqlite> .schema
CREATE TABLE x (x);
```
Since pages are now tracked with a single centralized structure, it is
possible for a page to have been unloaded a be kept in memory for
metadata purposes like going back in the stack.
Using the example of going to a parent page which was unloaded for
whatever reason: in this case we need to check if it's loaded, if not,
we load it. Locked still means the same thing, loaded just means the
contents of a page are present in memory and if they are present, they
must be in cache.
