diff --git a/bindings/go/rs_src/rows.rs b/bindings/go/rs_src/rows.rs
index b6aade3c6..714c73e23 100644
--- a/bindings/go/rs_src/rows.rs
+++ b/bindings/go/rs_src/rows.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@ use crate::{
     types::{LimboValue, ResultCode},
     LimboConn,
 };
-use limbo_core::{LimboError, Row, Statement, StepResult};
+use limbo_core::{LimboError, Statement, StepResult};
 use std::ffi::{c_char, c_void};
 
-pub struct LimboRows<'conn, 'a> {
+pub struct LimboRows<'conn> {
     stmt: Box<Statement>,
     conn: &'conn mut LimboConn,
-    cursor: Option<Row<'a>>,
     err: Option<LimboError>,
 }
 
-impl<'conn, 'a> LimboRows<'conn, 'a> {
+impl<'conn> LimboRows<'conn> {
     pub fn new(stmt: Statement, conn: &'conn mut LimboConn) -> Self {
         LimboRows {
             stmt: Box::new(stmt),
-            cursor: None,
             conn,
             err: None,
         }
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ impl<'conn, 'a> LimboRows<'conn, 'a> {
         Box::into_raw(Box::new(self)) as *mut c_void
     }
 
-    pub fn from_ptr(ptr: *mut c_void) -> &'conn mut LimboRows<'conn, 'a> {
+    pub fn from_ptr(ptr: *mut c_void) -> &'conn mut LimboRows<'conn> {
         if ptr.is_null() {
             panic!("Null pointer");
         }
@@ -54,10 +52,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn rows_next(ctx: *mut c_void) -> ResultCode {
     let ctx = LimboRows::from_ptr(ctx);
 
     match ctx.stmt.step() {
-        Ok(StepResult::Row(row)) => {
-            ctx.cursor = Some(row);
-            ResultCode::Row
-        }
+        Ok(StepResult::Row) => ResultCode::Row,
         Ok(StepResult::Done) => ResultCode::Done,
         Ok(StepResult::IO) => {
             let _ = ctx.conn.io.run_once();
@@ -79,9 +74,10 @@ pub extern "C" fn rows_get_value(ctx: *mut c_void, col_idx: usize) -> *const c_v
     }
     let ctx = LimboRows::from_ptr(ctx);
 
-    if let Some(ref cursor) = ctx.cursor {
-        if let Some(value) = cursor.values.get(col_idx) {
-            return LimboValue::from_value(value).to_ptr();
+    if let Some(row) = ctx.stmt.row() {
+        if let Some(value) = row.values.get(col_idx) {
+            let value = value.to_value();
+            return LimboValue::from_value(&value).to_ptr();
         }
     }
     std::ptr::null()
@@ -142,7 +138,6 @@ pub extern "C" fn rows_close(ctx: *mut c_void) {
     if !ctx.is_null() {
         let rows = LimboRows::from_ptr(ctx);
         rows.stmt.reset();
-        rows.cursor = None;
         rows.err = None;
     }
     unsafe {
diff --git a/bindings/go/rs_src/statement.rs b/bindings/go/rs_src/statement.rs
index 897c246fa..e8cec0618 100644
--- a/bindings/go/rs_src/statement.rs
+++ b/bindings/go/rs_src/statement.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn stmt_execute(
     }
     loop {
         match statement.step() {
-            Ok(StepResult::Row(_)) => {
+            Ok(StepResult::Row) => {
                 // unexpected row during execution, error out.
                 return ResultCode::Error;
             }
diff --git a/bindings/java/rs_src/limbo_statement.rs b/bindings/java/rs_src/limbo_statement.rs
index aed8e7d99..97328a964 100644
--- a/bindings/java/rs_src/limbo_statement.rs
+++ b/bindings/java/rs_src/limbo_statement.rs
@@ -63,14 +63,15 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_org_github_tursodatabase_core_LimboStatement_step<'l
         };
 
         match step_result {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.stmt.row().unwrap();
                 return match row_to_obj_array(&mut env, &row) {
                     Ok(row) => to_limbo_step_result(&mut env, STEP_RESULT_ID_ROW, Some(row)),
                     Err(e) => {
                         set_err_msg_and_throw_exception(&mut env, obj, LIMBO_ETC, e.to_string());
                         to_limbo_step_result(&mut env, STEP_RESULT_ID_ERROR, None)
                     }
-                }
+                };
             }
             StepResult::IO => {
                 if let Err(e) = stmt.connection.io.run_once() {
@@ -104,13 +105,14 @@ fn row_to_obj_array<'local>(
         env.new_object_array(row.values.len() as i32, "java/lang/Object", JObject::null())?;
 
     for (i, value) in row.values.iter().enumerate() {
+        let value = value.to_value();
         let obj = match value {
             limbo_core::Value::Null => JObject::null(),
             limbo_core::Value::Integer(i) => {
-                env.new_object("java/lang/Long", "(J)V", &[JValue::Long(*i)])?
+                env.new_object("java/lang/Long", "(J)V", &[JValue::Long(i)])?
             }
             limbo_core::Value::Float(f) => {
-                env.new_object("java/lang/Double", "(D)V", &[JValue::Double(*f)])?
+                env.new_object("java/lang/Double", "(D)V", &[JValue::Double(f)])?
             }
             limbo_core::Value::Text(s) => env.new_string(s)?.into(),
             limbo_core::Value::Blob(b) => env.byte_array_from_slice(b)?.into(),
diff --git a/bindings/python/src/lib.rs b/bindings/python/src/lib.rs
index 16afc5494..fb8189c2d 100644
--- a/bindings/python/src/lib.rs
+++ b/bindings/python/src/lib.rs
@@ -129,10 +129,12 @@ impl Cursor {
     pub fn fetchone(&mut self, py: Python) -> Result<Option<PyObject>> {
         if let Some(smt) = &self.smt {
             loop {
-                match smt.borrow_mut().step().map_err(|e| {
+                let mut stmt = smt.borrow_mut();
+                match stmt.step().map_err(|e| {
                     PyErr::new::<OperationalError, _>(format!("Step error: {:?}", e))
                 })? {
-                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row) => {
+                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row => {
+                        let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                         let py_row = row_to_py(py, &row);
                         return Ok(Some(py_row));
                     }
@@ -163,10 +165,12 @@ impl Cursor {
         let mut results = Vec::new();
         if let Some(smt) = &self.smt {
             loop {
-                match smt.borrow_mut().step().map_err(|e| {
+                let mut stmt = smt.borrow_mut();
+                match stmt.step().map_err(|e| {
                     PyErr::new::<OperationalError, _>(format!("Step error: {:?}", e))
                 })? {
-                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row) => {
+                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row => {
+                        let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                         let py_row = row_to_py(py, &row);
                         results.push(py_row);
                     }
@@ -298,7 +302,7 @@ fn row_to_py(py: Python, row: &limbo_core::Row) -> PyObject {
     let py_values: Vec<PyObject> = row
         .values
         .iter()
-        .map(|value| match value {
+        .map(|value| match value.to_value() {
             limbo_core::Value::Null => py.None(),
             limbo_core::Value::Integer(i) => i.to_object(py),
             limbo_core::Value::Float(f) => f.to_object(py),
diff --git a/bindings/wasm/lib.rs b/bindings/wasm/lib.rs
index 9b34fcb57..26f877199 100644
--- a/bindings/wasm/lib.rs
+++ b/bindings/wasm/lib.rs
@@ -71,10 +71,13 @@ impl RowIterator {
 
     #[wasm_bindgen]
     pub fn next(&mut self) -> JsValue {
-        match self.inner.borrow_mut().step() {
-            Ok(limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row)) => {
+        let mut stmt = self.inner.borrow_mut();
+        match stmt.step() {
+            Ok(limbo_core::StepResult::Row) => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                 let row_array = Array::new();
-                for value in row.values {
+                for value in &row.values {
+                    let value = value.to_value();
                     let value = to_js_value(value);
                     row_array.push(&value);
                 }
@@ -109,10 +112,13 @@ impl Statement {
     }
 
     pub fn get(&self) -> JsValue {
-        match self.inner.borrow_mut().step() {
-            Ok(limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row)) => {
+        let mut stmt = self.inner.borrow_mut();
+        match stmt.step() {
+            Ok(limbo_core::StepResult::Row) => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                 let row_array = js_sys::Array::new();
-                for value in row.values {
+                for value in &row.values {
+                    let value = value.to_value();
                     let value = to_js_value(value);
                     row_array.push(&value);
                 }
@@ -129,10 +135,13 @@ impl Statement {
     pub fn all(&self) -> js_sys::Array {
         let array = js_sys::Array::new();
         loop {
-            match self.inner.borrow_mut().step() {
-                Ok(limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row)) => {
+            let mut stmt = self.inner.borrow_mut();
+            match stmt.step() {
+                Ok(limbo_core::StepResult::Row) => {
+                    let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                     let row_array = js_sys::Array::new();
-                    for value in row.values {
+                    for value in &row.values {
+                        let value = value.to_value();
                         let value = to_js_value(value);
                         row_array.push(&value);
                     }
diff --git a/cli/app.rs b/cli/app.rs
index 278bbca43..7d812d7fe 100644
--- a/cli/app.rs
+++ b/cli/app.rs
@@ -625,8 +625,10 @@ impl Limbo {
                     }
 
                     match rows.step() {
-                        Ok(StepResult::Row(row)) => {
+                        Ok(StepResult::Row) => {
+                            let row = rows.row().unwrap();
                             for (i, value) in row.values.iter().enumerate() {
+                                let value = value.to_value();
                                 if i > 0 {
                                     let _ = self.writer.write(b"|");
                                 }
@@ -670,11 +672,12 @@ impl Limbo {
                     let mut table_rows: Vec<Vec<_>> = vec![];
                     loop {
                         match rows.step() {
-                            Ok(StepResult::Row(row)) => {
+                            Ok(StepResult::Row) => {
+                                let row = rows.row().unwrap();
                                 table_rows.push(
                                     row.values
                                         .iter()
-                                        .map(|value| match value {
+                                        .map(|value| match value.to_value() {
                                             Value::Null => self.opts.null_value.clone().cell(),
                                             Value::Integer(i) => i.to_string().cell(),
                                             Value::Float(f) => f.to_string().cell(),
@@ -740,8 +743,11 @@ impl Limbo {
                 let mut found = false;
                 loop {
                     match rows.step()? {
-                        StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                            if let Some(Value::Text(schema)) = row.values.first() {
+                        StepResult::Row => {
+                            let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                            if let Some(Value::Text(schema)) =
+                                row.values.first().map(|v| v.to_value())
+                            {
                                 let _ = self.write_fmt(format_args!("{};", schema));
                                 found = true;
                             }
@@ -797,8 +803,11 @@ impl Limbo {
                 let mut tables = String::new();
                 loop {
                     match rows.step()? {
-                        StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                            if let Some(Value::Text(table)) = row.values.first() {
+                        StepResult::Row => {
+                            let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                            if let Some(Value::Text(table)) =
+                                row.values.first().map(|v| v.to_value())
+                            {
                                 tables.push_str(table);
                                 tables.push(' ');
                             }
diff --git a/cli/import.rs b/cli/import.rs
index b7557d58b..a643713ea 100644
--- a/cli/import.rs
+++ b/cli/import.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<'a> ImportFile<'a> {
                                             self.writer.write_all("database is busy\n".as_bytes());
                                         break;
                                     }
-                                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row(_) => todo!(),
+                                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row => todo!(),
                                 }
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/core/benches/benchmark.rs b/core/benches/benchmark.rs
index f25d48144..21b75424d 100644
--- a/core/benches/benchmark.rs
+++ b/core/benches/benchmark.rs
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ fn bench(criterion: &mut Criterion) {
             b.iter(|| {
                 loop {
                     match stmt.step().unwrap() {
-                        limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                            black_box(row);
-                        }
+                        limbo_core::StepResult::Row => {}
                         limbo_core::StepResult::IO => {
                             let _ = io.run_once();
                         }
@@ -107,9 +105,7 @@ fn bench(criterion: &mut Criterion) {
         b.iter(|| {
             loop {
                 match stmt.step().unwrap() {
-                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                        black_box(row);
-                    }
+                    limbo_core::StepResult::Row => {}
                     limbo_core::StepResult::IO => {
                         let _ = io.run_once();
                     }
diff --git a/core/lib.rs b/core/lib.rs
index 2790c2ba2..98e37d470 100644
--- a/core/lib.rs
+++ b/core/lib.rs
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ impl Statement {
         self.state.interrupt();
     }
 
-    pub fn step(&mut self) -> Result<StepResult<'_>> {
+    pub fn step(&mut self) -> Result<StepResult> {
         self.program.step(&mut self.state, self.pager.clone())
     }
 
@@ -495,19 +495,16 @@ impl Statement {
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
         self.state.reset();
     }
-}
 
-pub type StepResult<'a> = vdbe::StepResult<'a>;
-
-pub type Row<'a> = types::Record<'a>;
-
-impl<'a> Row<'a> {
-    pub fn get<T: types::FromValue<'a> + 'a>(&self, idx: usize) -> Result<T> {
-        let value = &self.values[idx];
-        T::from_value(value)
+    pub fn row(&self) -> Option<&Row> {
+        self.state.result_row.as_ref()
     }
 }
 
+pub type Row = types::OwnedRecord;
+
+pub type StepResult = vdbe::StepResult;
+
 pub(crate) struct SymbolTable {
     pub functions: HashMap<String, Rc<function::ExternalFunc>>,
     #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
diff --git a/core/types.rs b/core/types.rs
index 5b4ceed1c..340806e25 100644
--- a/core/types.rs
+++ b/core/types.rs
@@ -123,6 +123,46 @@ impl OwnedValue {
             OwnedValue::Record(_) => OwnedValueType::Null, // Map Record to Null for FFI
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value<'_> {
+        match self {
+            OwnedValue::Null => Value::Null,
+            OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
+            OwnedValue::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
+            OwnedValue::Text(s) => Value::Text(&s.value),
+            OwnedValue::Blob(b) => Value::Blob(b),
+            OwnedValue::Agg(a) => match a.as_ref() {
+                AggContext::Avg(acc, _count) => match acc {
+                    OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
+                    OwnedValue::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
+                    _ => Value::Float(0.0),
+                },
+                AggContext::Sum(acc) => match acc {
+                    OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
+                    OwnedValue::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
+                    _ => Value::Float(0.0),
+                },
+                AggContext::Count(count) => count.to_value(),
+                AggContext::Max(max) => match max {
+                    Some(max) => max.to_value(),
+                    None => Value::Null,
+                },
+                AggContext::Min(min) => match min {
+                    Some(min) => min.to_value(),
+                    None => Value::Null,
+                },
+                AggContext::GroupConcat(s) => s.to_value(),
+                AggContext::External(ext_state) => {
+                    let v = ext_state
+                        .finalized_value
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap_or(&OwnedValue::Null);
+                    v.to_value()
+                }
+            },
+            OwnedValue::Record(_) => todo!(),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -442,94 +482,55 @@ impl From<Value<'_>> for OwnedValue {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn to_value(value: &OwnedValue) -> Value<'_> {
-    match value {
-        OwnedValue::Null => Value::Null,
-        OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
-        OwnedValue::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
-        OwnedValue::Text(s) => Value::Text(&s.value),
-        OwnedValue::Blob(b) => Value::Blob(b),
-        OwnedValue::Agg(a) => match a.as_ref() {
-            AggContext::Avg(acc, _count) => match acc {
-                OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
-                OwnedValue::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
-                _ => Value::Float(0.0),
-            },
-            AggContext::Sum(acc) => match acc {
-                OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
-                OwnedValue::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
-                _ => Value::Float(0.0),
-            },
-            AggContext::Count(count) => to_value(count),
-            AggContext::Max(max) => match max {
-                Some(max) => to_value(max),
-                None => Value::Null,
-            },
-            AggContext::Min(min) => match min {
-                Some(min) => to_value(min),
-                None => Value::Null,
-            },
-            AggContext::GroupConcat(s) => to_value(s),
-            AggContext::External(ext_state) => to_value(
-                ext_state
-                    .finalized_value
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .unwrap_or(&OwnedValue::Null),
-            ),
-        },
-        OwnedValue::Record(_) => todo!(),
-    }
-}
-
 pub trait FromValue<'a> {
-    fn from_value(value: &Value<'a>) -> Result<Self>
+    fn from_value(value: &'a OwnedValue) -> Result<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized + 'a;
 }
 
 impl<'a> FromValue<'a> for i64 {
-    fn from_value(value: &Value<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+    fn from_value(value: &'a OwnedValue) -> Result<Self> {
         match value {
-            Value::Integer(i) => Ok(*i),
+            OwnedValue::Integer(i) => Ok(*i),
             _ => Err(LimboError::ConversionError("Expected integer value".into())),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> FromValue<'a> for String {
-    fn from_value(value: &Value<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+    fn from_value(value: &'a OwnedValue) -> Result<Self> {
         match value {
-            Value::Text(s) => Ok(s.to_string()),
+            OwnedValue::Text(s) => Ok(s.value.to_string()),
             _ => Err(LimboError::ConversionError("Expected text value".into())),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> FromValue<'a> for &'a str {
-    fn from_value(value: &Value<'a>) -> Result<&'a str> {
+    fn from_value(value: &'a OwnedValue) -> Result<Self> {
         match value {
-            Value::Text(s) => Ok(s),
+            OwnedValue::Text(s) => Ok(s.value.as_str()),
             _ => Err(LimboError::ConversionError("Expected text value".into())),
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Record<'a> {
-    pub values: Vec<Value<'a>>,
-}
-
-impl<'a> Record<'a> {
-    pub fn new(values: Vec<Value<'a>>) -> Self {
-        Self { values }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct OwnedRecord {
     pub values: Vec<OwnedValue>,
 }
 
+impl OwnedRecord {
+    pub fn get<'a, T: FromValue<'a> + 'a>(&'a self, idx: usize) -> Result<T> {
+        let value = &self.values[idx];
+        T::from_value(value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.values.len()
+    }
+}
+
 const I8_LOW: i64 = -128;
 const I8_HIGH: i64 = 127;
 const I16_LOW: i64 = -32768;
diff --git a/core/util.rs b/core/util.rs
index c81747887..c92c31412 100644
--- a/core/util.rs
+++ b/core/util.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ pub fn parse_schema_rows(
         let mut automatic_indexes = Vec::new();
         loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
                     let ty = row.get::<&str>(0)?;
                     if ty != "table" && ty != "index" {
                         continue;
diff --git a/core/vdbe/mod.rs b/core/vdbe/mod.rs
index f788fe682..b5f205e59 100644
--- a/core/vdbe/mod.rs
+++ b/core/vdbe/mod.rs
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ use crate::storage::wal::CheckpointResult;
 use crate::storage::{btree::BTreeCursor, pager::Pager};
 use crate::translate::plan::{ResultSetColumn, TableReference};
 use crate::types::{
-    AggContext, Cursor, CursorResult, ExternalAggState, OwnedRecord, OwnedValue, Record, SeekKey,
-    SeekOp,
+    AggContext, Cursor, CursorResult, ExternalAggState, OwnedRecord, OwnedValue, SeekKey, SeekOp,
 };
 use crate::util::parse_schema_rows;
 use crate::vdbe::builder::CursorType;
@@ -143,10 +142,10 @@ pub type PageIdx = usize;
 type InsnReference = u32;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum StepResult<'a> {
+pub enum StepResult {
     Done,
     IO,
-    Row(Record<'a>),
+    Row,
     Interrupt,
     Busy,
 }
@@ -299,6 +298,7 @@ pub struct ProgramState {
     pub pc: InsnReference,
     cursors: RefCell<Vec<Option<Cursor>>>,
     registers: Vec<OwnedValue>,
+    pub(crate) result_row: Option<OwnedRecord>,
     last_compare: Option<std::cmp::Ordering>,
     deferred_seek: Option<(CursorID, CursorID)>,
     ended_coroutine: Bitfield<4>, // flag to indicate that a coroutine has ended (key is the yield register. currently we assume that the yield register is always between 0-255, YOLO)
@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ impl ProgramState {
             pc: 0,
             cursors,
             registers,
+            result_row: None,
             last_compare: None,
             deferred_seek: None,
             ended_coroutine: Bitfield::new(),
@@ -412,11 +413,7 @@ impl Program {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn step<'a>(
-        &self,
-        state: &'a mut ProgramState,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
-    ) -> Result<StepResult<'a>> {
+    pub fn step(&self, state: &mut ProgramState, pager: Rc<Pager>) -> Result<StepResult> {
         loop {
             if state.is_interrupted() {
                 return Ok(StepResult::Interrupt);
@@ -963,9 +960,10 @@ impl Program {
                     state.pc += 1;
                 }
                 Insn::ResultRow { start_reg, count } => {
-                    let record = make_record(&state.registers, start_reg, count);
+                    let record = make_owned_record(&state.registers, start_reg, count);
+                    state.result_row = Some(record);
                     state.pc += 1;
-                    return Ok(StepResult::Row(record));
+                    return Ok(StepResult::Row);
                 }
                 Insn::NextAsync { cursor_id } => {
                     let mut cursors = state.cursors.borrow_mut();
@@ -2654,14 +2652,6 @@ fn get_new_rowid<R: Rng>(cursor: &mut BTreeCursor, mut rng: R) -> Result<CursorR
     Ok(CursorResult::Ok(rowid.try_into().unwrap()))
 }
 
-fn make_record<'a>(registers: &'a [OwnedValue], start_reg: &usize, count: &usize) -> Record<'a> {
-    let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(*count);
-    for r in registers.iter().skip(*start_reg).take(*count) {
-        values.push(crate::types::to_value(r))
-    }
-    Record::new(values)
-}
-
 fn make_owned_record(registers: &[OwnedValue], start_reg: &usize, count: &usize) -> OwnedRecord {
     let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(*count);
     for r in registers.iter().skip(*start_reg).take(*count) {
diff --git a/perf/latency/limbo/src/main.rs b/perf/latency/limbo/src/main.rs
index a7302e38a..834c12225 100644
--- a/perf/latency/limbo/src/main.rs
+++ b/perf/latency/limbo/src/main.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ fn main() {
                         let row = rows.step().unwrap();
                         match row {
                             limbo_core::StepResult::Row(_) => {
+                                let row = statement.row();
                                 count += 1;
                             }
                             limbo_core::StepResult::IO => yield,
diff --git a/simulator/generation/plan.rs b/simulator/generation/plan.rs
index 2a794fbbc..b0c61488d 100644
--- a/simulator/generation/plan.rs
+++ b/simulator/generation/plan.rs
@@ -416,13 +416,15 @@ impl Interaction {
             let mut out = Vec::new();
             while let Ok(row) = rows.step() {
                 match row {
-                    StepResult::Row(row) => {
+                    StepResult::Row => {
+                        let row = rows.row().unwrap();
                         let mut r = Vec::new();
                         for el in &row.values {
-                            let v = match el {
+                            let v = el.to_value();
+                            let v = match v {
                                 limbo_core::Value::Null => Value::Null,
-                                limbo_core::Value::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(*i),
-                                limbo_core::Value::Float(f) => Value::Float(*f),
+                                limbo_core::Value::Integer(i) => Value::Integer(i),
+                                limbo_core::Value::Float(f) => Value::Float(f),
                                 limbo_core::Value::Text(t) => Value::Text(t.to_string()),
                                 limbo_core::Value::Blob(b) => Value::Blob(b.to_vec()),
                             };
diff --git a/sqlite3/src/lib.rs b/sqlite3/src/lib.rs
index 66d53b349..440715849 100644
--- a/sqlite3/src/lib.rs
+++ b/sqlite3/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 
 use log::trace;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::ffi::{self, CStr, CString};
 
 use std::rc::Rc;
@@ -63,15 +62,13 @@ impl sqlite3 {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct sqlite3_stmt<'a> {
+pub struct sqlite3_stmt {
     pub(crate) stmt: limbo_core::Statement,
-    pub(crate) row: RefCell<Option<limbo_core::Row<'a>>>,
 }
 
-impl sqlite3_stmt<'_> {
+impl sqlite3_stmt {
     pub fn new(stmt: limbo_core::Statement) -> Self {
-        let row = RefCell::new(None);
-        Self { stmt, row }
+        Self { stmt }
     }
 }
 
@@ -242,10 +239,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn sqlite3_step(stmt: *mut sqlite3_stmt) -> ffi::c_int {
             limbo_core::StepResult::IO => SQLITE_BUSY,
             limbo_core::StepResult::Done => SQLITE_DONE,
             limbo_core::StepResult::Interrupt => SQLITE_INTERRUPT,
-            limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                stmt.row.replace(Some(row));
-                SQLITE_ROW
-            }
+            limbo_core::StepResult::Row => SQLITE_ROW,
             limbo_core::StepResult::Busy => SQLITE_BUSY,
         }
     } else {
@@ -288,7 +282,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn sqlite3_exec(
 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn sqlite3_reset(stmt: *mut sqlite3_stmt) -> ffi::c_int {
     let stmt = &mut *stmt;
-    stmt.row.replace(None);
+    stmt.stmt.reset();
     SQLITE_OK
 }
 
@@ -447,11 +441,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn sqlite3_expanded_sql(_stmt: *mut sqlite3_stmt) -> *mut
 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn sqlite3_data_count(stmt: *mut sqlite3_stmt) -> ffi::c_int {
     let stmt = &*stmt;
-    let row = stmt.row.borrow();
-    let row = match row.as_ref() {
-        Some(row) => row,
-        None => return 0,
-    };
+    let row = stmt.stmt.row().unwrap();
     row.values.len() as ffi::c_int
 }
 
@@ -640,12 +630,12 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn sqlite3_column_text(
     idx: ffi::c_int,
 ) -> *const ffi::c_uchar {
     let stmt = &mut *stmt;
-    let row = stmt.row.borrow();
+    let row = stmt.stmt.row();
     let row = match row.as_ref() {
         Some(row) => row,
         None => return std::ptr::null(),
     };
-    match row.values.get(idx as usize) {
+    match row.values.get(idx as usize).map(|v| v.to_value()) {
         Some(limbo_core::Value::Text(text)) => text.as_bytes().as_ptr(),
         _ => std::ptr::null(),
     }
diff --git a/tests/integration/functions/test_function_rowid.rs b/tests/integration/functions/test_function_rowid.rs
index 03edf4c44..e3f5124df 100644
--- a/tests/integration/functions/test_function_rowid.rs
+++ b/tests/integration/functions/test_function_rowid.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ fn test_last_insert_rowid_basic() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     if let Some(ref mut rows) = select_query {
         loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                    if let Value::Integer(id) = row.values[0] {
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                    if let Value::Integer(id) = row.values[0].to_value() {
                         assert_eq!(id, 1, "First insert should have rowid 1");
                     }
                 }
@@ -63,8 +64,9 @@ fn test_last_insert_rowid_basic() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     match conn.query("SELECT last_insert_rowid()") {
         Ok(Some(ref mut rows)) => loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                    if let Value::Integer(id) = row.values[0] {
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                    if let Value::Integer(id) = row.values[0].to_value() {
                         last_id = id;
                     }
                 }
@@ -108,8 +110,9 @@ fn test_integer_primary_key() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let mut select_query = conn.query("SELECT * FROM test_rowid")?.unwrap();
     loop {
         match select_query.step()? {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                if let Value::Integer(id) = row.values[0] {
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = select_query.row().unwrap();
+                if let Value::Integer(id) = row.values[0].to_value() {
                     rowids.push(id);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fuzz/mod.rs b/tests/integration/fuzz/mod.rs
index 9cab41964..8179dfde4 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fuzz/mod.rs
+++ b/tests/integration/fuzz/mod.rs
@@ -48,17 +48,20 @@ mod tests {
         let result = stmt.step().unwrap();
         let row = loop {
             match result {
-                limbo_core::StepResult::Row(row) => break row,
+                limbo_core::StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
+                    break row;
+                }
                 limbo_core::StepResult::IO => continue,
                 r => panic!("unexpected result {:?}: expecting single row", r),
             }
         };
         row.values
             .iter()
-            .map(|x| match x {
+            .map(|x| match x.to_value() {
                 limbo_core::Value::Null => rusqlite::types::Value::Null,
-                limbo_core::Value::Integer(x) => rusqlite::types::Value::Integer(*x),
-                limbo_core::Value::Float(x) => rusqlite::types::Value::Real(*x),
+                limbo_core::Value::Integer(x) => rusqlite::types::Value::Integer(x),
+                limbo_core::Value::Float(x) => rusqlite::types::Value::Real(x),
                 limbo_core::Value::Text(x) => rusqlite::types::Value::Text(x.to_string()),
                 limbo_core::Value::Blob(x) => rusqlite::types::Value::Blob(x.to_vec()),
             })
diff --git a/tests/integration/query_processing/test_read_path.rs b/tests/integration/query_processing/test_read_path.rs
index 16feedfb2..82c29539e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/query_processing/test_read_path.rs
+++ b/tests/integration/query_processing/test_read_path.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ fn test_statement_reset_bind() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     loop {
         match stmt.step()? {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                assert_eq!(row.values[0], Value::Integer(1));
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(row.values[0].to_value(), Value::Integer(1));
             }
             StepResult::IO => tmp_db.io.run_once()?,
             _ => break,
@@ -27,8 +28,9 @@ fn test_statement_reset_bind() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     loop {
         match stmt.step()? {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                assert_eq!(row.values[0], Value::Integer(2));
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(row.values[0].to_value(), Value::Integer(2));
             }
             StepResult::IO => tmp_db.io.run_once()?,
             _ => break,
@@ -59,24 +61,25 @@ fn test_statement_bind() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     loop {
         match stmt.step()? {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                if let Value::Text(s) = row.values[0] {
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
+                if let Value::Text(s) = row.values[0].to_value() {
                     assert_eq!(s, "hello")
                 }
 
-                if let Value::Text(s) = row.values[1] {
+                if let Value::Text(s) = row.values[1].to_value() {
                     assert_eq!(s, "hello")
                 }
 
-                if let Value::Integer(i) = row.values[2] {
+                if let Value::Integer(i) = row.values[2].to_value() {
                     assert_eq!(i, 42)
                 }
 
-                if let Value::Blob(v) = row.values[3] {
+                if let Value::Blob(v) = row.values[3].to_value() {
                     assert_eq!(v, &vec![0x1 as u8, 0x2, 0x3])
                 }
 
-                if let Value::Float(f) = row.values[4] {
+                if let Value::Float(f) = row.values[4].to_value() {
                     assert_eq!(f, 0.5)
                 }
             }
diff --git a/tests/integration/query_processing/test_write_path.rs b/tests/integration/query_processing/test_write_path.rs
index 4508ecbad..1f05d714f 100644
--- a/tests/integration/query_processing/test_write_path.rs
+++ b/tests/integration/query_processing/test_write_path.rs
@@ -41,16 +41,17 @@ fn test_simple_overflow_page() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     match conn.query(list_query) {
         Ok(Some(ref mut rows)) => loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                    let first_value = &row.values[0];
-                    let text = &row.values[1];
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                    let first_value = row.values[0].to_value();
+                    let text = row.values[1].to_value();
                     let id = match first_value {
-                        Value::Integer(i) => *i as i32,
-                        Value::Float(f) => *f as i32,
+                        Value::Integer(i) => i as i32,
+                        Value::Float(f) => f as i32,
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
                     let text = match text {
-                        Value::Text(t) => *t,
+                        Value::Text(t) => t,
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
                     assert_eq!(1, id);
@@ -115,16 +116,17 @@ fn test_sequential_overflow_page() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     match conn.query(list_query) {
         Ok(Some(ref mut rows)) => loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                    let first_value = &row.values[0];
-                    let text = &row.values[1];
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                    let first_value = row.values[0].to_value();
+                    let text = row.values[1].to_value();
                     let id = match first_value {
-                        Value::Integer(i) => *i as i32,
-                        Value::Float(f) => *f as i32,
+                        Value::Integer(i) => i as i32,
+                        Value::Float(f) => f as i32,
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
                     let text = match text {
-                        Value::Text(t) => *t,
+                        Value::Text(t) => t,
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
                     let huge_text = &huge_texts[current_index];
@@ -186,11 +188,12 @@ fn test_sequential_write() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         match conn.query(list_query) {
             Ok(Some(ref mut rows)) => loop {
                 match rows.step()? {
-                    StepResult::Row(row) => {
+                    StepResult::Row => {
+                        let row = rows.row().unwrap();
                         let first_value = row.values.first().expect("missing id");
-                        let id = match first_value {
-                            Value::Integer(i) => *i as i32,
-                            Value::Float(f) => *f as i32,
+                        let id = match first_value.to_value() {
+                            Value::Integer(i) => i as i32,
+                            Value::Float(f) => f as i32,
                             _ => unreachable!(),
                         };
                         assert_eq!(current_read_index, id);
@@ -251,10 +254,11 @@ fn test_regression_multi_row_insert() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     match conn.query(list_query) {
         Ok(Some(ref mut rows)) => loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
                     let first_value = row.values.first().expect("missing id");
-                    let id = match first_value {
-                        Value::Float(f) => *f as i32,
+                    let id = match first_value.to_value() {
+                        Value::Float(f) => f as i32,
                         _ => panic!("expected float"),
                     };
                     actual_ids.push(id);
@@ -296,8 +300,9 @@ fn test_statement_reset() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     loop {
         match stmt.step()? {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                assert_eq!(row.values[0], Value::Integer(1));
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(row.values[0].to_value(), Value::Integer(1));
                 break;
             }
             StepResult::IO => tmp_db.io.run_once()?,
@@ -309,8 +314,9 @@ fn test_statement_reset() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     loop {
         match stmt.step()? {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                assert_eq!(row.values[0], Value::Integer(1));
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(row.values[0].to_value(), Value::Integer(1));
                 break;
             }
             StepResult::IO => tmp_db.io.run_once()?,
@@ -358,11 +364,12 @@ fn test_wal_checkpoint() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     match conn.query(list_query) {
         Ok(Some(ref mut rows)) => loop {
             match rows.step()? {
-                StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                    let first_value = &row.values[0];
+                StepResult::Row => {
+                    let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                    let first_value = row.values[0].to_value();
                     let id = match first_value {
-                        Value::Integer(i) => *i as i32,
-                        Value::Float(f) => *f as i32,
+                        Value::Integer(i) => i as i32,
+                        Value::Float(f) => f as i32,
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
                     assert_eq!(current_index, id as usize);
@@ -421,10 +428,11 @@ fn test_wal_restart() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             if let Some(ref mut rows) = conn.query(list_query)? {
                 loop {
                     match rows.step()? {
-                        StepResult::Row(row) => {
-                            let first_value = &row.values[0];
+                        StepResult::Row => {
+                            let row = rows.row().unwrap();
+                            let first_value = row.values[0].to_value();
                             let count = match first_value {
-                                Value::Integer(i) => *i as i32,
+                                Value::Integer(i) => i,
                                 _ => unreachable!(),
                             };
                             debug!("counted {}", count);
diff --git a/tests/integration/wal/test_wal.rs b/tests/integration/wal/test_wal.rs
index fa320ae8f..994c5d529 100644
--- a/tests/integration/wal/test_wal.rs
+++ b/tests/integration/wal/test_wal.rs
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@ pub(crate) fn execute_and_get_strings(
     let stmt = Rc::new(RefCell::new(statement));
     let mut result = Vec::new();
 
-    while let Ok(step_result) = stmt.borrow_mut().step() {
+    let mut stmt = stmt.borrow_mut();
+    while let Ok(step_result) = stmt.step() {
         match step_result {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                 for el in &row.values {
                     result.push(format!("{el}"));
                 }
@@ -65,12 +67,15 @@ pub(crate) fn execute_and_get_ints(
     let stmt = Rc::new(RefCell::new(statement));
     let mut result = Vec::new();
 
-    while let Ok(step_result) = stmt.borrow_mut().step() {
+    let mut stmt = stmt.borrow_mut();
+    while let Ok(step_result) = stmt.step() {
         match step_result {
-            StepResult::Row(row) => {
+            StepResult::Row => {
+                let row = stmt.row().unwrap();
                 for value in &row.values {
+                    let value = value.to_value();
                     let out = match value {
-                        Value::Integer(i) => *i,
+                        Value::Integer(i) => i,
                         _ => {
                             return Err(LimboError::ConversionError(format!(
                                 "cannot convert {value} to int"