diff --git a/core/translate/main_loop.rs b/core/translate/main_loop.rs
index b7bb20083..085068c32 100644
--- a/core/translate/main_loop.rs
+++ b/core/translate/main_loop.rs
@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ pub fn open_loop(
                                     .filter_map(|(i, p)| {
                                         // Build ConstraintInfo from the predicates
                                         convert_where_to_vtab_constraint(p, table_index, i)
+                                            .unwrap_or(None)
                                     })
                                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                                 // TODO: get proper order_by information to pass to the vtab.
diff --git a/core/translate/plan.rs b/core/translate/plan.rs
index e84f6a28d..3b2554a48 100644
--- a/core/translate/plan.rs
+++ b/core/translate/plan.rs
@@ -161,14 +161,14 @@ pub fn convert_where_to_vtab_constraint(
     term: &WhereTerm,
     table_index: usize,
     pred_idx: usize,
-) -> Option<ConstraintInfo> {
+) -> Result<Option<ConstraintInfo>> {
     if term.from_outer_join.is_some() {
-        return None;
+        return Ok(None);
     }
     let Expr::Binary(lhs, op, rhs) = &term.expr else {
-        return None;
+        return Ok(None);
     };
-    let expr_is_ready = |e: &Expr| -> bool { can_pushdown_predicate(e, table_index) };
+    let expr_is_ready = |e: &Expr| -> Result<bool> { can_pushdown_predicate(e, table_index) };
     let (vcol_idx, op_for_vtab, usable, is_rhs) = match (&**lhs, &**rhs) {
         (
             Expr::Column {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ pub fn convert_where_to_vtab_constraint(
             let vtab_on_l = *tbl_l == table_index;
             let vtab_on_r = *tbl_r == table_index;
             if vtab_on_l == vtab_on_r {
-                return None; // either both or none -> not convertible
+                return Ok(None); // either both or none -> not convertible
             }
 
             if vtab_on_l {
@@ -203,26 +203,30 @@ pub fn convert_where_to_vtab_constraint(
             (
                 column,
                 op,
-                expr_is_ready(other), // literal / earlier‑table / deterministic func ?
+                expr_is_ready(other)?, // literal / earlier‑table / deterministic func ?
                 false,
             )
         }
         (other, Expr::Column { table, column, .. }) if *table == table_index => (
             column,
             &reverse_operator(op).unwrap_or(*op),
-            expr_is_ready(other),
+            expr_is_ready(other)?,
             true,
         ),
 
-        _ => return None, // does not involve the virtual table at all
+        _ => return Ok(None), // does not involve the virtual table at all
     };
 
-    Some(ConstraintInfo {
+    let Some(op) = to_ext_constraint_op(op_for_vtab) else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+
+    Ok(Some(ConstraintInfo {
         column_index: *vcol_idx as u32,
-        op: to_ext_constraint_op(op_for_vtab)?,
+        op,
         usable,
         plan_info: ConstraintInfo::pack_plan_info(pred_idx as u32, is_rhs),
-    })
+    }))
 }
 /// The loop index where to evaluate the condition.
 /// For example, in `SELECT * FROM u JOIN p WHERE u.id = 5`, the condition can already be evaluated at the first loop (idx 0),
diff --git a/core/util.rs b/core/util.rs
index 3415aefdc..0f71089ec 100644
--- a/core/util.rs
+++ b/core/util.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
-    function::Func,
     schema::{self, Column, Schema, Type},
-    translate::collate::CollationSeq,
+    translate::{collate::CollationSeq, expr::walk_expr},
     types::{Value, ValueType},
     LimboError, OpenFlags, Result, Statement, StepResult, SymbolTable, IO,
 };
@@ -584,35 +583,27 @@ pub fn columns_from_create_table_body(body: &ast::CreateTableBody) -> crate::Res
 
 /// This function checks if a given expression is a constant value that can be pushed down to the database engine.
 /// It is expected to be called with the other half of a binary expression with an Expr::Column
-pub fn can_pushdown_predicate(expr: &Expr, table_idx: usize) -> bool {
-    match expr {
-        Expr::Literal(_) => true,
-        Expr::Column { table, .. } => *table <= table_idx,
-        Expr::Binary(lhs, _, rhs) => {
-            can_pushdown_predicate(lhs, table_idx) && can_pushdown_predicate(rhs, table_idx)
-        }
-        Expr::Parenthesized(exprs) => can_pushdown_predicate(exprs.first().unwrap(), table_idx),
-        Expr::Unary(_, expr) => can_pushdown_predicate(expr, table_idx),
-        Expr::FunctionCall { args, name, .. } => {
-            let function = crate::function::Func::resolve_function(
-                &name.0,
-                args.as_ref().map_or(0, |a| a.len()),
-            );
-            // is deterministic
-            matches!(function, Ok(Func::Scalar(_)))
-        }
-        Expr::Like { lhs, rhs, .. } => {
-            can_pushdown_predicate(lhs, table_idx) && can_pushdown_predicate(rhs, table_idx)
-        }
-        Expr::Between {
-            lhs, start, end, ..
-        } => {
-            can_pushdown_predicate(lhs, table_idx)
-                && can_pushdown_predicate(start, table_idx)
-                && can_pushdown_predicate(end, table_idx)
-        }
-        _ => false,
-    }
+pub fn can_pushdown_predicate(top_level_expr: &Expr, table_idx: usize) -> Result<bool> {
+    let mut can_pushdown = true;
+    walk_expr(top_level_expr, &mut |expr: &Expr| -> Result<()> {
+        match expr {
+            Expr::Column { table, .. } | Expr::RowId { table, .. } => {
+                can_pushdown &= *table <= table_idx;
+            }
+            Expr::FunctionCall { args, name, .. } => {
+                let function = crate::function::Func::resolve_function(
+                    &name.0,
+                    args.as_ref().map_or(0, |a| a.len()),
+                )?;
+                // is deterministic
+                can_pushdown &= function.is_deterministic();
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(can_pushdown)
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]