diff --git a/core/storage/pager.rs b/core/storage/pager.rs
index 846487dbe..ce47f2c5d 100644
--- a/core/storage/pager.rs
+++ b/core/storage/pager.rs
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ pub struct Pager {
     header_ref_state: RwLock<HeaderRefState>,
     #[cfg(not(feature = "omit_autovacuum"))]
     vacuum_state: RwLock<VacuumState>,
-    pub(crate) io_ctx: RefCell<IOContext>,
+    pub(crate) io_ctx: RwLock<IOContext>,
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "omit_autovacuum"))]
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ impl Pager {
                 ptrmap_put_state: PtrMapPutState::Start,
                 btree_create_vacuum_full_state: BtreeCreateVacuumFullState::Start,
             }),
-            io_ctx: RefCell::new(IOContext::default()),
+            io_ctx: RwLock::new(IOContext::default()),
         })
     }
 
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ impl Pager {
     ) -> Result<(PageRef, Completion)> {
         tracing::trace!("read_page_no_cache(page_idx = {})", page_idx);
         let page = Arc::new(Page::new(page_idx));
-        let io_ctx = &self.io_ctx.borrow();
+        let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.read();
         let Some(wal) = self.wal.as_ref() else {
             turso_assert!(
                 matches!(frame_watermark, Some(0) | None),
@@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ impl Pager {
             );
 
             page.set_locked();
-            let c = self.begin_read_disk_page(page_idx, page.clone(), allow_empty_read, io_ctx)?;
+            let c = self.begin_read_disk_page(page_idx, page.clone(), allow_empty_read, &io_ctx)?;
             return Ok((page, c));
         };
 
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ impl Pager {
             return Ok((page, c));
         }
 
-        let c = self.begin_read_disk_page(page_idx, page.clone(), allow_empty_read, io_ctx)?;
+        let c = self.begin_read_disk_page(page_idx, page.clone(), allow_empty_read, &io_ctx)?;
         Ok((page, c))
     }
 
@@ -1993,7 +1993,7 @@ impl Pager {
                 // based on the IOContext set, we will set the reserved space bytes as required by
                 // either the encryption or checksum, or None if they are not set.
                 let reserved_space_bytes = {
-                    let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.borrow();
+                    let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.read();
                     io_ctx.get_reserved_space_bytes()
                 };
                 default_header.reserved_space = reserved_space_bytes;
@@ -2366,7 +2366,7 @@ impl Pager {
     }
 
     pub fn is_encryption_ctx_set(&self) -> bool {
-        self.io_ctx.borrow_mut().encryption_context().is_some()
+        self.io_ctx.write().encryption_context().is_some()
     }
 
     pub fn set_encryption_context(
@@ -2377,25 +2377,23 @@ impl Pager {
         let page_size = self.get_page_size_unchecked().get() as usize;
         let encryption_ctx = EncryptionContext::new(cipher_mode, key, page_size)?;
         {
-            let mut io_ctx = self.io_ctx.borrow_mut();
+            let mut io_ctx = self.io_ctx.write();
             io_ctx.set_encryption(encryption_ctx);
         }
         let Some(wal) = self.wal.as_ref() else {
             return Ok(());
         };
-        wal.borrow_mut()
-            .set_io_context(self.io_ctx.borrow().clone());
+        wal.borrow_mut().set_io_context(self.io_ctx.read().clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn reset_checksum_context(&self) {
         {
-            let mut io_ctx = self.io_ctx.borrow_mut();
+            let mut io_ctx = self.io_ctx.write();
             io_ctx.reset_checksum();
         }
         let Some(wal) = self.wal.as_ref() else { return };
-        wal.borrow_mut()
-            .set_io_context(self.io_ctx.borrow().clone())
+        wal.borrow_mut().set_io_context(self.io_ctx.read().clone())
     }
 
     pub fn set_reserved_space_bytes(&self, value: u8) {
diff --git a/core/storage/sqlite3_ondisk.rs b/core/storage/sqlite3_ondisk.rs
index 126561058..0988f8eb4 100644
--- a/core/storage/sqlite3_ondisk.rs
+++ b/core/storage/sqlite3_ondisk.rs
@@ -975,8 +975,8 @@ pub fn begin_write_btree_page(pager: &Pager, page: &PageRef) -> Result<Completio
         })
     };
     let c = Completion::new_write(write_complete);
-    let io_ctx = &pager.io_ctx.borrow();
-    page_source.write_page(page_id, buffer.clone(), io_ctx, c)
+    let io_ctx = pager.io_ctx.read();
+    page_source.write_page(page_id, buffer.clone(), &io_ctx, c)
 }
 
 #[instrument(skip_all, level = Level::DEBUG)]
@@ -1044,12 +1044,12 @@ pub fn write_pages_vectored(
                 }
             });
 
-            let io_ctx = &pager.io_ctx.borrow();
+            let io_ctx = pager.io_ctx.read();
             match pager.db_file.write_pages(
                 start_id,
                 page_sz,
                 std::mem::replace(&mut run_bufs, Vec::with_capacity(EST_BUFF_CAPACITY)),
-                io_ctx,
+                &io_ctx,
                 cmp,
             ) {
                 Ok(c) => completions.push(c),
diff --git a/core/storage/wal.rs b/core/storage/wal.rs
index d6b111172..9e58f9361 100644
--- a/core/storage/wal.rs
+++ b/core/storage/wal.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use std::array;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
 use strum::EnumString;
 use tracing::{instrument, Level};
@@ -588,7 +587,7 @@ pub struct WalFile {
     /// Manages locks needed for checkpointing
     checkpoint_guard: Option<CheckpointLocks>,
 
-    io_ctx: RefCell<IOContext>,
+    io_ctx: RwLock<IOContext>,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for WalFile {
@@ -1124,7 +1123,7 @@ impl Wal for WalFile {
             buffer_pool,
             complete,
             page_idx,
-            &self.io_ctx.borrow(),
+            &self.io_ctx.read(),
         )
     }
 
@@ -1135,7 +1134,7 @@ impl Wal for WalFile {
         let (frame_ptr, frame_len) = (frame.as_mut_ptr(), frame.len());
 
         let encryption_ctx = {
-            let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.borrow();
+            let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.read();
             io_ctx.encryption_context().cloned()
         };
         let complete = Box::new(move |res: Result<(Arc<Buffer>, i32), CompletionError>| {
@@ -1243,7 +1242,7 @@ impl Wal for WalFile {
                 buffer_pool,
                 complete,
                 page_id as usize,
-                &self.io_ctx.borrow(),
+                &self.io_ctx.read(),
             )?;
             self.io.wait_for_completion(c)?;
             return if conflict.get() {
@@ -1493,7 +1492,7 @@ impl Wal for WalFile {
             let plain = page.get_contents().as_ptr();
 
             let data_to_write: std::borrow::Cow<[u8]> = {
-                let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.borrow();
+                let io_ctx = self.io_ctx.read();
                 match &io_ctx.encryption_or_checksum() {
                     EncryptionOrChecksum::Encryption(ctx) => {
                         Cow::Owned(ctx.encrypt_page(plain, page_id)?)
@@ -1573,7 +1572,7 @@ impl Wal for WalFile {
     }
 
     fn set_io_context(&mut self, ctx: IOContext) {
-        self.io_ctx.replace(ctx);
+        *self.io_ctx.write() = ctx;
     }
 
     fn update_max_frame(&mut self) {
@@ -1624,7 +1623,7 @@ impl WalFile {
             prev_checkpoint: CheckpointResult::default(),
             checkpoint_guard: None,
             header,
-            io_ctx: RefCell::new(IOContext::default()),
+            io_ctx: RwLock::new(IOContext::default()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2233,7 +2232,7 @@ impl WalFile {
             self.buffer_pool.clone(),
             complete,
             page_id,
-            &self.io_ctx.borrow(),
+            &self.io_ctx.read(),
         )?;
 
         Ok(InflightRead {