From 964dd0cd4324494bf07538ecf6a607d6fee6fb81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pekka Enberg <penberg@iki.fi>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 16:12:51 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] perf: Add simple throughput benchmark

This adds a simple throughput benchmark for rusqlite and Turso, allowing
to compare the two, but also MVCC and SQLite transactions.
---
 Cargo.toml                           |    6 +-
 perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.lock  |  403 ++++++
 perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.toml  |   12 +
 perf/throughput/rusqlite/src/main.rs |  157 +++
 perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.lock     | 1931 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.toml     |   13 +
 perf/throughput/turso/src/main.rs    |  186 +++
 7 files changed, 2707 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 perf/throughput/rusqlite/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 perf/throughput/turso/src/main.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index e0c00b599..8ca245b3f 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ members = [
     "sql_generation",
     "whopper",
 ]
-exclude = ["perf/latency/limbo"]
+exclude = [
+    "perf/latency/limbo",
+    "perf/throughput/rusqlite",
+    "perf/throughput/turso"
+]
 
 [workspace.package]
 version = "0.2.0-pre.1"
diff --git a/perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.lock b/perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bb86369d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.8.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "0.6.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ae563653d1938f79b1ab1b5e668c87c76a9930414574a6583a7b7e11a8e6192"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is_terminal_polyfill",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "862ed96ca487e809f1c8e5a8447f6ee2cf102f846893800b20cebdf541fc6bbd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "0.2.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4e7644824f0aa2c7b9384579234ef10eb7efb6a0deb83f9630a49594dd9c15c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "once_cell_polyfill",
+ "windows-sys",
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+
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+checksum = "2261d10cca569e4643e526d8dc2e62e433cc8aba21ab764233731f8d369bf394"
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+ "clap_derive",
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+dependencies = [
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+ "strsim",
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+ "quote",
+ "syn",
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+
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+ "libsqlite3-sys",
+ "smallvec",
+]
+
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+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc",
+ "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+]
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "write-throughput"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap",
+ "rusqlite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.8.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0894878a5fa3edfd6da3f88c4805f4c8558e2b996227a3d864f47fe11e38282c"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
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+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.8.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "88d2b8d9c68ad2b9e4340d7832716a4d21a22a1154777ad56ea55c51a9cf3831"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
diff --git a/perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.toml b/perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ffa56b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf/throughput/rusqlite/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "write-throughput"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "write-throughput"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+rusqlite = { version = "0.31", features = ["bundled"] }
+clap = { version = "4.0", features = ["derive"] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/perf/throughput/rusqlite/src/main.rs b/perf/throughput/rusqlite/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45226a589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf/throughput/rusqlite/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+use clap::Parser;
+use rusqlite::{Connection, Result};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(name = "write-throughput")]
+#[command(about = "Write throughput benchmark using rusqlite")]
+struct Args {
+    #[arg(short = 't', long = "threads", default_value = "1")]
+    threads: usize,
+
+    #[arg(short = 'b', long = "batch-size", default_value = "100")]
+    batch_size: usize,
+
+    #[arg(short = 'i', long = "iterations", default_value = "10")]
+    iterations: usize,
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let args = Args::parse();
+
+    println!(
+        "Running write throughput benchmark with {} threads, {} batch size, {} iterations",
+        args.threads, args.batch_size, args.iterations
+    );
+
+    let db_path = "write_throughput_test.db";
+    if std::path::Path::new(db_path).exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(db_path).expect("Failed to remove existing database");
+    }
+
+    let wal_path = "write_throughput_test.db-wal";
+    if std::path::Path::new(wal_path).exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(wal_path).expect("Failed to remove existing database");
+    }
+
+    let _conn = setup_database(db_path)?;
+
+    let start_barrier = Arc::new(Barrier::new(args.threads));
+    let mut handles = Vec::new();
+
+    let overall_start = Instant::now();
+
+    for thread_id in 0..args.threads {
+        let db_path = db_path.to_string();
+        let barrier = Arc::clone(&start_barrier);
+
+        let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
+            worker_thread(
+                thread_id,
+                db_path,
+                args.batch_size,
+                args.iterations,
+                barrier,
+            )
+        });
+
+        handles.push(handle);
+    }
+
+    let mut total_inserts = 0;
+    for handle in handles {
+        match handle.join() {
+            Ok(Ok(inserts)) => total_inserts += inserts,
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                eprintln!("Thread error: {}", e);
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                eprintln!("Thread panicked");
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let overall_elapsed = overall_start.elapsed();
+    let overall_throughput = (total_inserts as f64) / overall_elapsed.as_secs_f64();
+
+    println!("\n=== BENCHMARK RESULTS ===");
+    println!("Total inserts: {}", total_inserts);
+    println!("Total time: {:.2}s", overall_elapsed.as_secs_f64());
+    println!("Overall throughput: {:.2} inserts/sec", overall_throughput);
+    println!("Threads: {}", args.threads);
+    println!("Batch size: {}", args.batch_size);
+    println!("Iterations per thread: {}", args.iterations);
+
+    println!(
+        "Database file exists: {}",
+        std::path::Path::new(db_path).exists()
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn setup_database(db_path: &str) -> Result<Connection> {
+    let conn = Connection::open(db_path)?;
+
+    conn.pragma_update(None, "journal_mode", "WAL")?;
+    conn.pragma_update(None, "synchronous", "FULL")?;
+
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_table (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+            data TEXT NOT NULL
+        )",
+        [],
+    )?;
+
+    println!("Database created at: {}", db_path);
+    Ok(conn)
+}
+
+fn worker_thread(
+    thread_id: usize,
+    db_path: String,
+    batch_size: usize,
+    iterations: usize,
+    start_barrier: Arc<Barrier>,
+) -> Result<u64> {
+    let conn = Connection::open(&db_path)?;
+
+    conn.busy_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30))?;
+    
+    let mut stmt = conn.prepare("INSERT INTO test_table (id, data) VALUES (?, ?)")?;
+
+    start_barrier.wait();
+
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    let mut total_inserts = 0;
+
+    for iteration in 0..iterations {
+        conn.execute("BEGIN", [])?;
+
+        for i in 0..batch_size {
+            let id = thread_id * iterations * batch_size + iteration * batch_size + i;
+            stmt.execute([&id.to_string(), &format!("data_{}", id)])?;
+            total_inserts += 1;
+        }
+
+        conn.execute("COMMIT", [])?;
+    }
+
+    let elapsed = start_time.elapsed();
+    let throughput = (total_inserts as f64) / elapsed.as_secs_f64();
+
+    println!(
+        "Thread {}: {} inserts in {:.2}s ({:.2} inserts/sec)",
+        thread_id,
+        total_inserts,
+        elapsed.as_secs_f64(),
+        throughput
+    );
+
+    Ok(total_inserts)
+}
diff --git a/perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.lock b/perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a7c55f39
--- /dev/null
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+ "clap",
+ "tokio",
+ "turso",
+]
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+ "serde",
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
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+]
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diff --git a/perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.toml b/perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0eabe0824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf/throughput/turso/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "write-throughput"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "write-throughput"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+turso = { path = "../../../bindings/rust" }
+clap = { version = "4.0", features = ["derive"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/perf/throughput/turso/src/main.rs b/perf/throughput/turso/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c19513022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf/throughput/turso/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
+use std::time::Instant;
+use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
+use turso::{Builder, Database, Result};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+enum TransactionMode {
+    Legacy,
+    Mvcc,
+    Concurrent,
+}
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(name = "write-throughput")]
+#[command(about = "Write throughput benchmark using turso")]
+struct Args {
+    #[arg(short = 't', long = "threads", default_value = "1")]
+    threads: usize,
+
+    #[arg(short = 'b', long = "batch-size", default_value = "100")]
+    batch_size: usize,
+
+    #[arg(short = 'i', long = "iterations", default_value = "10")]
+    iterations: usize,
+
+    #[arg(short = 'm', long = "mode", default_value = "legacy")]
+    mode: TransactionMode,
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let args = Args::parse();
+
+    println!(
+        "Running write throughput benchmark with {} threads, {} batch size, {} iterations, mode: {:?}",
+        args.threads, args.batch_size, args.iterations, args.mode
+    );
+
+    let db_path = "write_throughput_test.db";
+    if std::path::Path::new(db_path).exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(db_path).expect("Failed to remove existing database");
+    }
+    let wal_path = "write_throughput_test.db-wal";
+    if std::path::Path::new(wal_path).exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(wal_path).expect("Failed to remove existing database");
+    }
+
+    let db = setup_database(db_path, args.mode).await?;
+
+    let start_barrier = Arc::new(Barrier::new(args.threads));
+    let mut handles = Vec::new();
+
+    let overall_start = Instant::now();
+
+    for thread_id in 0..args.threads {
+        let db_clone = db.clone();
+        let barrier = Arc::clone(&start_barrier);
+
+        let handle = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
+            rt.block_on(worker_thread(
+                thread_id,
+                db_clone,
+                args.batch_size,
+                args.iterations,
+                barrier,
+                args.mode,
+            ))
+        });
+
+        handles.push(handle);
+    }
+
+    let mut total_inserts = 0;
+    for handle in handles {
+        match handle.await {
+            Ok(Ok(inserts)) => total_inserts += inserts,
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                eprintln!("Thread error: {}", e);
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                eprintln!("Thread panicked");
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let overall_elapsed = overall_start.elapsed();
+    let overall_throughput = (total_inserts as f64) / overall_elapsed.as_secs_f64();
+
+    println!("\n=== BENCHMARK RESULTS ===");
+    println!("Total inserts: {}", total_inserts);
+    println!("Total time: {:.2}s", overall_elapsed.as_secs_f64());
+    println!("Overall throughput: {:.2} inserts/sec", overall_throughput);
+    println!("Threads: {}", args.threads);
+    println!("Batch size: {}", args.batch_size);
+    println!("Iterations per thread: {}", args.iterations);
+
+    println!(
+        "Database file exists: {}",
+        std::path::Path::new(db_path).exists()
+    );
+    if let Ok(metadata) = std::fs::metadata(db_path) {
+        println!("Database file size: {} bytes", metadata.len());
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn setup_database(db_path: &str, mode: TransactionMode) -> Result<Database> {
+    let builder = Builder::new_local(db_path);
+    let db = match mode {
+        TransactionMode::Legacy => builder.build().await?,
+        TransactionMode::Mvcc | TransactionMode::Concurrent => {
+            builder.with_mvcc(true).build().await?
+        }
+    };
+    let conn = db.connect()?;
+
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_table (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+            data TEXT NOT NULL
+        )",
+        (),
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    println!("Database created at: {}", db_path);
+    Ok(db)
+}
+
+async fn worker_thread(
+    thread_id: usize,
+    db: Database,
+    batch_size: usize,
+    iterations: usize,
+    start_barrier: Arc<Barrier>,
+    mode: TransactionMode,
+) -> Result<u64> {
+    let conn = db.connect()?;
+
+    let mut stmt = conn
+        .prepare("INSERT INTO test_table (id, data) VALUES (?, ?)")
+        .await?;
+
+    start_barrier.wait();
+
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    let mut total_inserts = 0;
+
+    for iteration in 0..iterations {
+        let begin_stmt = match mode {
+            TransactionMode::Legacy | TransactionMode::Mvcc => "BEGIN",
+            TransactionMode::Concurrent => "BEGIN CONCURRENT",
+        };
+        conn.execute(begin_stmt, ()).await?;
+
+        for i in 0..batch_size {
+            let id = thread_id * iterations * batch_size + iteration * batch_size + i;
+            stmt.execute(turso::params::Params::Positional(vec![
+                turso::Value::Integer(id as i64),
+                turso::Value::Text(format!("data_{}", id)),
+            ]))
+            .await?;
+            total_inserts += 1;
+        }
+
+        conn.execute("COMMIT", ()).await?;
+    }
+
+    let elapsed = start_time.elapsed();
+    let throughput = (total_inserts as f64) / elapsed.as_secs_f64();
+
+    println!(
+        "Thread {}: {} inserts in {:.2}s ({:.2} inserts/sec)",
+        thread_id,
+        total_inserts,
+        elapsed.as_secs_f64(),
+        throughput
+    );
+
+    Ok(total_inserts)
+}