diff --git a/core/storage/pager.rs b/core/storage/pager.rs
index f1823b85d..c8a265d9b 100644
--- a/core/storage/pager.rs
+++ b/core/storage/pager.rs
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ pub struct Pager {
     pub buffer_pool: Arc<BufferPool>,
     /// I/O interface for input/output operations.
     pub io: Arc<dyn crate::io::IO>,
-    dirty_pages: Rc<RefCell<HashSet<usize, hash::BuildHasherDefault<hash::DefaultHasher>>>>,
+    dirty_pages: Arc<RwLock<HashSet<usize, hash::BuildHasherDefault<hash::DefaultHasher>>>>,
 
     commit_info: CommitInfo,
     checkpoint_state: RefCell<CheckpointState>,
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ impl Pager {
             wal,
             page_cache,
             io,
-            dirty_pages: Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashSet::with_hasher(
+            dirty_pages: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashSet::with_hasher(
                 hash::BuildHasherDefault::new(),
             ))),
             commit_info: CommitInfo {
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ impl Pager {
 
     pub fn add_dirty(&self, page: &Page) {
         // TODO: check duplicates?
-        let mut dirty_pages = RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.dirty_pages);
+        let mut dirty_pages = self.dirty_pages.write();
         dirty_pages.insert(page.get().id);
         page.set_dirty();
     }
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ impl Pager {
         };
         let dirty_pages = self
             .dirty_pages
-            .borrow()
+            .read()
             .iter()
             .copied()
             .collect::<Vec<usize>>();
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ impl Pager {
                             .get()
                     };
 
-                    let dirty_ids: Vec<usize> = self.dirty_pages.borrow().iter().copied().collect();
+                    let dirty_ids: Vec<usize> = self.dirty_pages.read().iter().copied().collect();
                     if dirty_ids.is_empty() {
                         return Ok(IOResult::Done(PagerCommitResult::WalWritten));
                     }
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ impl Pager {
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    self.dirty_pages.borrow_mut().clear();
+                    self.dirty_pages.write().clear();
                     // Nothing to append
                     if completions.is_empty() {
                         return Ok(IOResult::Done(PagerCommitResult::WalWritten));
@@ -1519,13 +1519,13 @@ impl Pager {
             })?;
         }
         if header.is_commit_frame() {
-            for page_id in self.dirty_pages.borrow().iter() {
+            for page_id in self.dirty_pages.read().iter() {
                 let page_key = PageCacheKey::new(*page_id);
                 let mut cache = self.page_cache.write();
                 let page = cache.get(&page_key)?.expect("we somehow added a page to dirty list but we didn't mark it as dirty, causing cache to drop it.");
                 page.clear_dirty();
             }
-            self.dirty_pages.borrow_mut().clear();
+            self.dirty_pages.write().clear();
         }
         Ok(WalFrameInfo {
             page_no: header.page_number,
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ impl Pager {
     /// of a rollback or in case we want to invalidate page cache after starting a read transaction
     /// right after new writes happened which would invalidate current page cache.
     pub fn clear_page_cache(&self) {
-        let dirty_pages = self.dirty_pages.borrow();
+        let dirty_pages = self.dirty_pages.read();
         let mut cache = self.page_cache.write();
         for page_id in dirty_pages.iter() {
             let page_key = PageCacheKey::new(*page_id);
@@ -2138,10 +2138,10 @@ impl Pager {
         tracing::debug!(schema_did_change);
         self.clear_page_cache();
         if is_write {
-            self.dirty_pages.borrow_mut().clear();
+            self.dirty_pages.write().clear();
         } else {
             turso_assert!(
-                self.dirty_pages.borrow().is_empty(),
+                self.dirty_pages.read().is_empty(),
                 "dirty pages should be empty for read txn"
             );
         }