diff --git a/core/incremental/compiler.rs b/core/incremental/compiler.rs
index 80163f5e9..972d6797b 100644
--- a/core/incremental/compiler.rs
+++ b/core/incremental/compiler.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use crate::Pager;
 use crate::{return_and_restore_if_io, return_if_io, LimboError, Result};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 // The state table has 5 columns: operator_id, zset_id, element_id, value, weight
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ impl DbspCircuit {
     pub fn run_circuit(
         &mut self,
         execute_state: &mut ExecuteState,
-        pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: &Arc<Pager>,
         state_cursors: &mut DbspStateCursors,
         commit_operators: bool,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<Delta>> {
@@ -462,7 +461,7 @@ impl DbspCircuit {
     /// * `execute_state` - State machine containing input deltas and tracking execution progress
     pub fn execute(
         &mut self,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         execute_state: &mut ExecuteState,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<Delta>> {
         if let Some(root_id) = self.root {
@@ -499,7 +498,7 @@ impl DbspCircuit {
     pub fn commit(
         &mut self,
         input_data: HashMap<String, Delta>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<Delta>> {
         // No root means nothing to commit
         if self.root.is_none() {
@@ -643,7 +642,7 @@ impl DbspCircuit {
     fn execute_node(
         &mut self,
         node_id: usize,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         execute_state: &mut ExecuteState,
         commit_operators: bool,
         cursors: &mut DbspStateCursors,
@@ -1320,7 +1319,6 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::translate::logical::LogicalSchema;
     use crate::util::IOExt;
     use crate::{Database, MemoryIO, Pager, IO};
-    use std::rc::Rc;
     use std::sync::Arc;
     use turso_parser::ast;
     use turso_parser::parser::Parser;
@@ -1416,7 +1414,7 @@ mod tests {
         }};
     }
 
-    fn setup_btree_for_circuit() -> (Rc<Pager>, usize, usize, usize) {
+    fn setup_btree_for_circuit() -> (Arc<Pager>, usize, usize, usize) {
         let io: Arc<dyn IO> = Arc::new(MemoryIO::new());
         let db = Database::open_file(io.clone(), ":memory:", false, false).unwrap();
         let conn = db.connect().unwrap();
@@ -1579,7 +1577,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_execute(
         circuit: &mut DbspCircuit,
         inputs: HashMap<String, Delta>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<Delta> {
         let mut execute_state = ExecuteState::Init {
             input_data: DeltaSet::from_map(inputs),
@@ -1593,7 +1591,7 @@ mod tests {
     // Helper to get the committed BTree state from main_data_root
     // This reads the actual persisted data from the BTree
     #[cfg(test)]
-    fn get_current_state(pager: Rc<Pager>, circuit: &DbspCircuit) -> Result<Delta> {
+    fn get_current_state(pager: Arc<Pager>, circuit: &DbspCircuit) -> Result<Delta> {
         let mut delta = Delta::new();
 
         let main_data_root = circuit.main_data_root;
diff --git a/core/incremental/cursor.rs b/core/incremental/cursor.rs
index 99355c131..9de35df70 100644
--- a/core/incremental/cursor.rs
+++ b/core/incremental/cursor.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct MaterializedViewCursor {
     // Core components
     btree_cursor: Box<BTreeCursor>,
     view: Arc<Mutex<IncrementalView>>,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
 
     // Current changes that are uncommitted
     uncommitted: RowKeyZSet,
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl MaterializedViewCursor {
     pub fn new(
         btree_cursor: Box<BTreeCursor>,
         view: Arc<Mutex<IncrementalView>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         tx_state: Rc<ViewTransactionState>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
@@ -302,7 +302,6 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::util::IOExt;
     use crate::{Connection, Database, OpenFlags};
-    use std::rc::Rc;
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
     /// Helper to create a test connection with a table and materialized view
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@ mod tests {
     /// Helper to create a test cursor for the materialized view
     fn create_test_cursor(
         conn: &Arc<Connection>,
-    ) -> Result<(MaterializedViewCursor, Rc<ViewTransactionState>, Rc<Pager>)> {
+    ) -> Result<(MaterializedViewCursor, Rc<ViewTransactionState>, Arc<Pager>)> {
         // Get the schema and view
         let view_mutex = conn
             .schema
diff --git a/core/incremental/expr_compiler.rs b/core/incremental/expr_compiler.rs
index f94d72a2a..152bb9c99 100644
--- a/core/incremental/expr_compiler.rs
+++ b/core/incremental/expr_compiler.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use crate::vdbe::insn::Insn;
 use crate::vdbe::{Program, ProgramState, Register};
 use crate::SymbolTable;
 use crate::{CaptureDataChangesMode, Connection, QueryMode, Result, Value};
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use turso_parser::ast::{Expr, Literal, Operator};
 
@@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ impl CompiledExpression {
     }
 
     /// Execute the compiled expression with the given input values
-    pub fn execute(&self, values: &[Value], pager: Rc<Pager>) -> Result<Value> {
+    pub fn execute(&self, values: &[Value], pager: Arc<Pager>) -> Result<Value> {
         match &self.executor {
             ExpressionExecutor::Trivial(trivial) => {
                 // Fast path: evaluate trivial expression inline
diff --git a/core/incremental/operator.rs b/core/incremental/operator.rs
index 8d0abe284..677d26aa4 100644
--- a/core/incremental/operator.rs
+++ b/core/incremental/operator.rs
@@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@ mod tests {
     use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
     /// Create a test pager for operator tests with both table and index
-    fn create_test_pager() -> (std::rc::Rc<crate::Pager>, usize, usize) {
+    fn create_test_pager() -> (std::sync::Arc<crate::Pager>, usize, usize) {
         let io: Arc<dyn IO> = Arc::new(MemoryIO::new());
         let db = Database::open_file(io.clone(), ":memory:", false, false).unwrap();
         let conn = db.connect().unwrap();
@@ -2270,7 +2270,7 @@ mod tests {
     /// Returns a Delta with all the current aggregate values
     fn get_current_state_from_btree(
         agg: &AggregateOperator,
-        pager: &std::rc::Rc<crate::Pager>,
+        pager: &std::sync::Arc<crate::Pager>,
         cursors: &mut DbspStateCursors,
     ) -> Delta {
         let mut result = Delta::new();
diff --git a/core/incremental/view.rs b/core/incremental/view.rs
index 591e95e38..325977e18 100644
--- a/core/incremental/view.rs
+++ b/core/incremental/view.rs
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ impl IncrementalView {
     pub fn execute_with_uncommitted(
         &mut self,
         uncommitted: DeltaSet,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         execute_state: &mut crate::incremental::compiler::ExecuteState,
     ) -> crate::Result<crate::types::IOResult<Delta>> {
         // Initialize execute_state with the input data
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ impl IncrementalView {
     pub fn populate_from_table(
         &mut self,
         conn: &std::sync::Arc<crate::Connection>,
-        pager: &std::rc::Rc<crate::Pager>,
+        pager: &std::sync::Arc<crate::Pager>,
         _btree_cursor: &mut BTreeCursor,
     ) -> crate::Result<IOResult<()>> {
         // If already populated, return immediately
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ impl IncrementalView {
     pub fn merge_delta(
         &mut self,
         delta_set: DeltaSet,
-        pager: std::rc::Rc<crate::Pager>,
+        pager: std::sync::Arc<crate::Pager>,
     ) -> crate::Result<IOResult<()>> {
         // Early return if all deltas are empty
         if delta_set.is_empty() {
diff --git a/core/lib.rs b/core/lib.rs
index 00ff043c4..07d989990 100644
--- a/core/lib.rs
+++ b/core/lib.rs
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ impl Database {
             .get();
         let conn = Arc::new(Connection {
             _db: self.clone(),
-            pager: RefCell::new(Rc::new(pager)),
+            pager: RefCell::new(Arc::new(pager)),
             schema: RefCell::new(
                 self.schema
                     .lock()
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ impl CaptureDataChangesMode {
 struct DatabaseCatalog {
     name_to_index: HashMap<String, usize>,
     allocated: Vec<u64>,
-    index_to_data: HashMap<usize, (Arc<Database>, Rc<Pager>)>,
+    index_to_data: HashMap<usize, (Arc<Database>, Arc<Pager>)>,
 }
 
 #[allow(unused)]
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ impl DatabaseCatalog {
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_pager_by_index(&self, idx: &usize) -> Rc<Pager> {
+    fn get_pager_by_index(&self, idx: &usize) -> Arc<Pager> {
         let (_db, pager) = self
             .index_to_data
             .get(idx)
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ impl DatabaseCatalog {
         index
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, s: &str, data: (Arc<Database>, Rc<Pager>)) -> usize {
+    fn insert(&mut self, s: &str, data: (Arc<Database>, Arc<Pager>)) -> usize {
         let idx = self.add(s);
         self.index_to_data.insert(idx, data);
         idx
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ impl DatabaseCatalog {
 
 pub struct Connection {
     _db: Arc<Database>,
-    pager: RefCell<Rc<Pager>>,
+    pager: RefCell<Arc<Pager>>,
     schema: RefCell<Arc<Schema>>,
     /// Per-database schema cache (database_index -> schema)
     /// Loaded lazily to avoid copying all schemas on connection open
@@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ impl Connection {
         }
         self.pager.borrow_mut().clear_page_cache();
         let pager = self._db.init_pager(Some(size.get() as usize))?;
-        self.pager.replace(Rc::new(pager));
+        self.pager.replace(Arc::new(pager));
         self.pager.borrow().set_initial_page_size(size);
 
         Ok(())
@@ -1877,7 +1877,7 @@ impl Connection {
         self._db.db_state.is_initialized()
     }
 
-    fn get_pager_from_database_index(&self, index: &usize) -> Rc<Pager> {
+    fn get_pager_from_database_index(&self, index: &usize) -> Arc<Pager> {
         if *index < 2 {
             self.pager.borrow().clone()
         } else {
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ impl Connection {
             .with_views(use_views)
             .with_strict(use_strict);
         let db = Self::from_uri_attached(path, db_opts, self._db.io.clone())?;
-        let pager = Rc::new(db.init_pager(None)?);
+        let pager = Arc::new(db.init_pager(None)?);
 
         self.attached_databases
             .borrow_mut()
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@ impl Connection {
         databases
     }
 
-    pub fn get_pager(&self) -> Rc<Pager> {
+    pub fn get_pager(&self) -> Arc<Pager> {
         self.pager.borrow().clone()
     }
 
@@ -2242,7 +2242,7 @@ pub struct Statement {
     program: vdbe::Program,
     state: vdbe::ProgramState,
     mv_store: Option<Arc<MvStore>>,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     /// Whether the statement accesses the database.
     /// Used to determine whether we need to check for schema changes when
     /// starting a transaction.
@@ -2259,7 +2259,7 @@ impl Statement {
     pub fn new(
         program: vdbe::Program,
         mv_store: Option<Arc<MvStore>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         query_mode: QueryMode,
     ) -> Self {
         let accesses_db = program.accesses_db;
diff --git a/core/mvcc/cursor.rs b/core/mvcc/cursor.rs
index 6ffade31a..9622b1c6d 100644
--- a/core/mvcc/cursor.rs
+++ b/core/mvcc/cursor.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use crate::Result;
 use crate::{Pager, Value};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::ops::Bound;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvccLazyCursor<Clock> {
         db: Arc<MvStore<Clock>>,
         tx_id: u64,
         table_id: u64,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<MvccLazyCursor<Clock>> {
         db.maybe_initialize_table(table_id, pager)?;
         let cursor = Self {
diff --git a/core/mvcc/database/mod.rs b/core/mvcc/database/mod.rs
index 62a7a3b11..8ebcc9a22 100644
--- a/core/mvcc/database/mod.rs
+++ b/core/mvcc/database/mod.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::Bound;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tracing::instrument;
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ struct CommitCoordinator {
 pub struct CommitStateMachine<Clock: LogicalClock> {
     state: CommitState,
     is_finalized: bool,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     tx_id: TxID,
     connection: Arc<Connection>,
     /// Write set sorted by table id and row id
@@ -351,7 +350,7 @@ pub struct DeleteRowStateMachine {
 impl<Clock: LogicalClock> CommitStateMachine<Clock> {
     fn new(
         state: CommitState,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         tx_id: TxID,
         connection: Arc<Connection>,
         commit_coordinator: Arc<CommitCoordinator>,
@@ -1306,7 +1305,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     /// to ensure exclusive write access as per SQLite semantics.
     pub fn begin_exclusive_tx(
         &self,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         maybe_existing_tx_id: Option<TxID>,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<TxID>> {
         self._begin_exclusive_tx(pager, false, maybe_existing_tx_id)
@@ -1318,7 +1317,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     /// to ensure exclusive write access as per SQLite semantics.
     pub fn upgrade_to_exclusive_tx(
         &self,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         maybe_existing_tx_id: Option<TxID>,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<TxID>> {
         self._begin_exclusive_tx(pager, true, maybe_existing_tx_id)
@@ -1331,7 +1330,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     #[instrument(skip_all, level = Level::DEBUG)]
     fn _begin_exclusive_tx(
         &self,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         is_upgrade_from_read: bool,
         maybe_existing_tx_id: Option<TxID>,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<TxID>> {
@@ -1390,7 +1389,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     /// This function starts a new transaction in the database and returns a `TxID` value
     /// that you can use to perform operations within the transaction. All changes made within the
     /// transaction are isolated from other transactions until you commit the transaction.
-    pub fn begin_tx(&self, pager: Rc<Pager>) -> Result<TxID> {
+    pub fn begin_tx(&self, pager: Arc<Pager>) -> Result<TxID> {
         let tx_id = self.get_tx_id();
         let begin_ts = self.get_timestamp();
         let tx = Transaction::new(tx_id, begin_ts);
@@ -1418,7 +1417,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     pub fn commit_tx(
         &self,
         tx_id: TxID,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         connection: &Arc<Connection>,
     ) -> Result<StateMachine<CommitStateMachine<Clock>>> {
         let state_machine: StateMachine<CommitStateMachine<Clock>> =
@@ -1444,7 +1443,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     pub fn rollback_tx(
         &self,
         tx_id: TxID,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         connection: &Connection,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let tx_unlocked = self.txs.get(&tx_id).unwrap();
@@ -1679,7 +1678,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
-    pub fn maybe_initialize_table(&self, table_id: u64, pager: Rc<Pager>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn maybe_initialize_table(&self, table_id: u64, pager: Arc<Pager>) -> Result<()> {
         tracing::trace!("scan_row_ids_for_table(table_id={})", table_id);
 
         // First, check if the table is already loaded.
@@ -1698,7 +1697,7 @@ impl<Clock: LogicalClock> MvStore<Clock> {
     /// Scans the table and inserts the rows into the database.
     ///
     /// This is initialization step for a table, where we still don't have any rows so we need to insert them if there are.
-    fn scan_load_table(&self, table_id: u64, pager: Rc<Pager>) -> Result<()> {
+    fn scan_load_table(&self, table_id: u64, pager: Arc<Pager>) -> Result<()> {
         let root_page = table_id as usize;
         let mut cursor = BTreeCursor::new_table(
             None, // No MVCC cursor for scanning
diff --git a/core/schema.rs b/core/schema.rs
index cb2817d77..97d8ef3d6 100644
--- a/core/schema.rs
+++ b/core/schema.rs
@@ -295,10 +295,10 @@ impl Schema {
     pub fn make_from_btree(
         &mut self,
         mv_cursor: Option<Rc<RefCell<MvCursor>>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         syms: &SymbolTable,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut cursor = BTreeCursor::new_table(mv_cursor, pager.clone(), 1, 10);
+        let mut cursor = BTreeCursor::new_table(mv_cursor, Arc::clone(&pager), 1, 10);
 
         let mut from_sql_indexes = Vec::with_capacity(10);
         let mut automatic_indices: HashMap<String, Vec<(String, usize)>> =
diff --git a/core/storage/btree.rs b/core/storage/btree.rs
index a625baa57..398e7092a 100644
--- a/core/storage/btree.rs
+++ b/core/storage/btree.rs
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ pub struct BTreeCursor {
     /// The multi-version cursor that is used to read and write to the database file.
     mv_cursor: Option<Rc<RefCell<MvCursor>>>,
     /// The pager that is used to read and write to the database file.
-    pub pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pub pager: Arc<Pager>,
     /// Cached value of the usable space of a BTree page, since it is very expensive to call in a hot loop via pager.usable_space().
     /// This is OK to cache because both 'PRAGMA page_size' and '.filectrl reserve_bytes' only have an effect on:
     /// 1. an uninitialized database,
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ impl BTreeNodeState {
 impl BTreeCursor {
     pub fn new(
         mv_cursor: Option<Rc<RefCell<MvCursor>>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         root_page: usize,
         num_columns: usize,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ impl BTreeCursor {
 
     pub fn new_table(
         mv_cursor: Option<Rc<RefCell<MvCursor>>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         root_page: usize,
         num_columns: usize,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ impl BTreeCursor {
 
     pub fn new_index(
         mv_cursor: Option<Rc<RefCell<MvCursor>>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         root_page: usize,
         index: &Index,
         num_columns: usize,
@@ -5832,7 +5832,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for IntegrityCheckState {
 pub fn integrity_check(
     state: &mut IntegrityCheckState,
     errors: &mut Vec<IntegrityCheckError>,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
 ) -> Result<IOResult<()>> {
     loop {
         let Some(IntegrityCheckPageEntry {
@@ -6108,7 +6108,7 @@ pub fn integrity_check(
 }
 
 pub fn btree_read_page(
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     page_idx: usize,
 ) -> Result<(Arc<Page>, Option<Completion>)> {
     pager.read_page(page_idx)
@@ -7476,7 +7476,7 @@ fn fill_cell_payload(
     cell_idx: usize,
     record: &ImmutableRecord,
     usable_space: usize,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     fill_cell_payload_state: &mut FillCellPayloadState,
 ) -> Result<IOResult<()>> {
     let overflow_page_pointer_size = 4;
@@ -7801,7 +7801,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn insert_record(
         cursor: &mut BTreeCursor,
-        pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: &Arc<Pager>,
         rowid: i64,
         val: Value,
     ) -> Result<(), LimboError> {
@@ -7888,7 +7888,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    fn validate_btree(pager: Rc<Pager>, page_idx: usize) -> (usize, bool) {
+    fn validate_btree(pager: Arc<Pager>, page_idx: usize) -> (usize, bool) {
         let num_columns = 5;
         let cursor = BTreeCursor::new_table(None, pager.clone(), page_idx, num_columns);
         let (page, _c) = cursor.read_page(page_idx).unwrap();
@@ -7998,7 +7998,7 @@ mod tests {
         (depth.unwrap(), valid)
     }
 
-    fn format_btree(pager: Rc<Pager>, page_idx: usize, depth: usize) -> String {
+    fn format_btree(pager: Arc<Pager>, page_idx: usize, depth: usize) -> String {
         let num_columns = 5;
 
         let cursor = BTreeCursor::new_table(None, pager.clone(), page_idx, num_columns);
@@ -8056,7 +8056,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    fn empty_btree() -> (Rc<Pager>, usize, Arc<Database>, Arc<Connection>) {
+    fn empty_btree() -> (Arc<Pager>, usize, Arc<Database>, Arc<Connection>) {
         #[allow(clippy::arc_with_non_send_sync)]
         let io: Arc<dyn IO> = Arc::new(MemoryIO::new());
         let db = Database::open_file(io.clone(), ":memory:", false, false).unwrap();
@@ -8739,7 +8739,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     fn validate_expected_keys(
-        pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: &Arc<Pager>,
         cursor: &mut BTreeCursor,
         expected_keys: &[Vec<u8>],
         seed: u64,
@@ -8967,7 +8967,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::arc_with_non_send_sync)]
-    fn setup_test_env(database_size: u32) -> Rc<Pager> {
+    fn setup_test_env(database_size: u32) -> Arc<Pager> {
         let page_size = 512;
 
         let io: Arc<dyn IO> = Arc::new(MemoryIO::new());
@@ -8985,7 +8985,7 @@ mod tests {
             buffer_pool.clone(),
         )));
 
-        let pager = Rc::new(
+        let pager = Arc::new(
             Pager::new(
                 db_file,
                 Some(wal),
@@ -10487,7 +10487,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert_cell(cell_idx: u64, size: u16, page: PageRef, pager: Rc<Pager>) {
+    fn insert_cell(cell_idx: u64, size: u16, page: PageRef, pager: Arc<Pager>) {
         let mut payload = Vec::new();
         let regs = &[Register::Value(Value::Blob(vec![0; size as usize]))];
         let record = ImmutableRecord::from_registers(regs, regs.len());
diff --git a/core/translate/mod.rs b/core/translate/mod.rs
index c9d6644d3..4f31fecc2 100644
--- a/core/translate/mod.rs
+++ b/core/translate/mod.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ use insert::translate_insert;
 use rollback::translate_rollback;
 use schema::{translate_create_table, translate_create_virtual_table, translate_drop_table};
 use select::translate_select;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tracing::{instrument, Level};
 use transaction::{translate_tx_begin, translate_tx_commit};
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ use update::translate_update;
 pub fn translate(
     schema: &Schema,
     stmt: ast::Stmt,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     connection: Arc<Connection>,
     syms: &SymbolTable,
     query_mode: QueryMode,
diff --git a/core/translate/pragma.rs b/core/translate/pragma.rs
index af172a331..6336faf25 100644
--- a/core/translate/pragma.rs
+++ b/core/translate/pragma.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 //! More info: https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html.
 
 use chrono::Datelike;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use turso_macros::match_ignore_ascii_case;
 use turso_parser::ast::{self, ColumnDefinition, Expr, Literal, Name};
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn translate_pragma(
     syms: &SymbolTable,
     name: &ast::QualifiedName,
     body: Option<ast::PragmaBody>,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     connection: Arc<crate::Connection>,
     mut program: ProgramBuilder,
 ) -> crate::Result<ProgramBuilder> {
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ fn update_pragma(
     schema: &Schema,
     syms: &SymbolTable,
     value: ast::Expr,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     connection: Arc<crate::Connection>,
     mut program: ProgramBuilder,
 ) -> crate::Result<(ProgramBuilder, TransactionMode)> {
@@ -373,7 +372,7 @@ fn query_pragma(
     pragma: PragmaName,
     schema: &Schema,
     value: Option<ast::Expr>,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     connection: Arc<crate::Connection>,
     mut program: ProgramBuilder,
 ) -> crate::Result<(ProgramBuilder, TransactionMode)> {
@@ -710,7 +709,7 @@ fn emit_columns_for_table_info(
 fn update_auto_vacuum_mode(
     auto_vacuum_mode: AutoVacuumMode,
     largest_root_page_number: u32,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
 ) -> crate::Result<()> {
     pager.io.block(|| {
         pager.with_header_mut(|header| {
@@ -723,7 +722,7 @@ fn update_auto_vacuum_mode(
 
 fn update_cache_size(
     value: i64,
-    pager: Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: Arc<Pager>,
     connection: Arc<crate::Connection>,
 ) -> crate::Result<()> {
     let mut cache_size_unformatted: i64 = value;
diff --git a/core/vdbe/execute.rs b/core/vdbe/execute.rs
index 9ac5be7e6..58476ead1 100644
--- a/core/vdbe/execute.rs
+++ b/core/vdbe/execute.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ pub type InsnFunction = fn(
     &Program,
     &mut ProgramState,
     &Insn,
-    &Rc<Pager>,
+    &Arc<Pager>,
     Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult>;
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ pub fn op_init(
     _program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Init { target_pc }, insn);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ pub fn op_add(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Add { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ pub fn op_subtract(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Subtract { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ pub fn op_multiply(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Multiply { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ pub fn op_divide(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Divide { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ pub fn op_drop_index(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(DropIndex { index, db: _ }, insn);
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ pub fn op_remainder(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Remainder { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ pub fn op_bit_and(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(BitAnd { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ pub fn op_bit_or(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(BitOr { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ pub fn op_bit_not(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(BitNot { reg, dest }, insn);
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ pub fn op_checkpoint(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ pub fn op_null(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     match insn {
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ pub fn op_null_row(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(NullRow { cursor_id }, insn);
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ pub fn op_compare(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ pub fn op_jump(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ pub fn op_move(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ pub fn op_if_pos(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ pub fn op_not_null(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(NotNull { reg, target_pc }, insn);
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ pub fn op_comparison(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     let (lhs, rhs, target_pc, flags, collation, op) = match insn {
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ pub fn op_if(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ pub fn op_if_not(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ pub fn op_open_read(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ pub fn op_vopen(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(VOpen { cursor_id }, insn);
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ pub fn op_vcreate(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ pub fn op_vfilter(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ pub fn op_vcolumn(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ pub fn op_vupdate(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ pub fn op_vnext(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ pub fn op_vdestroy(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(VDestroy { db, table_name }, insn);
@@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ pub fn op_open_pseudo(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ pub fn op_rewind(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@ pub fn op_last(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1426,7 +1426,7 @@ pub fn op_column(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ pub fn op_type_check(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ pub fn op_make_record(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1899,7 +1899,7 @@ pub fn op_result_row(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(ResultRow { start_reg, count }, insn);
@@ -1916,7 +1916,7 @@ pub fn op_next(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ pub fn op_prev(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@ pub fn op_prev(
 pub fn halt(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
     err_code: usize,
     description: &str,
@@ -2049,7 +2049,7 @@ pub fn op_halt(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2066,7 +2066,7 @@ pub fn op_halt_if_null(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ pub fn op_transaction(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2280,7 +2280,7 @@ pub fn op_auto_commit(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2340,7 +2340,7 @@ pub fn op_goto(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Goto { target_pc }, insn);
@@ -2353,7 +2353,7 @@ pub fn op_gosub(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ pub fn op_return(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2403,7 +2403,7 @@ pub fn op_integer(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Integer { value, dest }, insn);
@@ -2416,7 +2416,7 @@ pub fn op_real(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Real { value, dest }, insn);
@@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ pub fn op_real_affinity(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(RealAffinity { register }, insn);
@@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ pub fn op_string8(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(String8 { value, dest }, insn);
@@ -2457,7 +2457,7 @@ pub fn op_blob(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Blob { value, dest }, insn);
@@ -2470,7 +2470,7 @@ pub fn op_row_data(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(RowData { cursor_id, dest }, insn);
@@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ pub fn op_row_id(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(RowId { cursor_id, dest }, insn);
@@ -2610,7 +2610,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_row_id(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(IdxRowId { cursor_id, dest }, insn);
@@ -2630,7 +2630,7 @@ pub fn op_seek_rowid(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2718,7 +2718,7 @@ pub fn op_deferred_seek(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@ pub fn op_seek(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     let (cursor_id, is_index, record_source, target_pc) = match insn {
@@ -2868,7 +2868,7 @@ pub enum RecordSource {
 pub fn seek_internal(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
     record_source: RecordSource,
     cursor_id: usize,
@@ -2879,7 +2879,7 @@ pub fn seek_internal(
     fn inner(
         program: &Program,
         state: &mut ProgramState,
-        pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: &Arc<Pager>,
         mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
         record_source: RecordSource,
         cursor_id: usize,
@@ -3156,7 +3156,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_ge(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3207,7 +3207,7 @@ pub fn op_seek_end(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(SeekEnd { cursor_id }, *insn);
@@ -3225,7 +3225,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_le(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3276,7 +3276,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_gt(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3327,7 +3327,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_lt(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3378,7 +3378,7 @@ pub fn op_decr_jump_zero(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(DecrJumpZero { reg, target_pc }, insn);
@@ -3429,7 +3429,7 @@ pub fn op_agg_step(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3745,7 +3745,7 @@ pub fn op_agg_final(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     let (acc_reg, dest_reg, func) = match insn {
@@ -3888,7 +3888,7 @@ pub fn op_sorter_open(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3936,7 +3936,7 @@ pub fn op_sorter_data(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3972,7 +3972,7 @@ pub fn op_sorter_insert(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -3999,7 +3999,7 @@ pub fn op_sorter_sort(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -4034,7 +4034,7 @@ pub fn op_sorter_next(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -4063,7 +4063,7 @@ pub fn op_function(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5254,7 +5254,7 @@ pub fn op_init_coroutine(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5282,7 +5282,7 @@ pub fn op_end_coroutine(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(EndCoroutine { yield_reg }, insn);
@@ -5303,7 +5303,7 @@ pub fn op_yield(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5362,7 +5362,7 @@ pub fn op_insert(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5598,7 +5598,7 @@ pub fn op_int_64(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5633,7 +5633,7 @@ pub fn op_delete(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5740,7 +5740,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_delete(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@ pub fn op_idx_insert(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -5999,7 +5999,7 @@ pub fn op_new_rowid(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6133,7 +6133,7 @@ pub fn op_must_be_int(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(MustBeInt { reg }, insn);
@@ -6166,7 +6166,7 @@ pub fn op_soft_null(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(SoftNull { reg }, insn);
@@ -6187,7 +6187,7 @@ pub fn op_no_conflict(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6281,7 +6281,7 @@ pub fn op_not_exists(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6314,7 +6314,7 @@ pub fn op_offset_limit(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6359,7 +6359,7 @@ pub fn op_open_write(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6446,7 +6446,7 @@ pub fn op_copy(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6468,7 +6468,7 @@ pub fn op_create_btree(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(CreateBtree { db, root, flags }, insn);
@@ -6493,7 +6493,7 @@ pub fn op_destroy(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6522,7 +6522,7 @@ pub fn op_reset_sorter(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(ResetSorter { cursor_id }, insn);
@@ -6549,7 +6549,7 @@ pub fn op_drop_table(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(DropTable { db, table_name, .. }, insn);
@@ -6571,7 +6571,7 @@ pub fn op_drop_view(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     _mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(DropView { db, view_name }, insn);
@@ -6591,7 +6591,7 @@ pub fn op_close(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Close { cursor_id }, insn);
@@ -6605,7 +6605,7 @@ pub fn op_is_null(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(IsNull { reg, target_pc }, insn);
@@ -6621,7 +6621,7 @@ pub fn op_coll_seq(
     _program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     _mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     let Insn::CollSeq { reg, collation } = insn else {
@@ -6644,7 +6644,7 @@ pub fn op_page_count(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(PageCount { db, dest }, insn);
@@ -6666,7 +6666,7 @@ pub fn op_parse_schema(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6725,7 +6725,7 @@ pub fn op_populate_materialized_views(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     _mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(PopulateMaterializedViews { cursors }, insn);
@@ -6802,7 +6802,7 @@ pub fn op_read_cookie(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(ReadCookie { db, dest, cookie }, insn);
@@ -6832,7 +6832,7 @@ pub fn op_set_cookie(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -6885,7 +6885,7 @@ pub fn op_shift_right(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(ShiftRight { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -6902,7 +6902,7 @@ pub fn op_shift_left(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(ShiftLeft { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -6919,7 +6919,7 @@ pub fn op_add_imm(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(AddImm { register, value }, insn);
@@ -6948,7 +6948,7 @@ pub fn op_variable(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Variable { index, dest }, insn);
@@ -6961,7 +6961,7 @@ pub fn op_zero_or_null(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(ZeroOrNull { rg1, rg2, dest }, insn);
@@ -6978,7 +6978,7 @@ pub fn op_not(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Not { reg, dest }, insn);
@@ -6991,7 +6991,7 @@ pub fn op_concat(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Concat { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -7008,7 +7008,7 @@ pub fn op_and(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(And { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -7025,7 +7025,7 @@ pub fn op_or(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Or { lhs, rhs, dest }, insn);
@@ -7042,7 +7042,7 @@ pub fn op_noop(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     // Do nothing
@@ -7056,10 +7056,10 @@ pub enum OpOpenEphemeralState {
     #[default]
     Start,
     StartingTxn {
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     },
     CreateBtree {
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     },
     // clippy complains this variant is too big when compared to the rest of the variants
     // so it says we need to box it here
@@ -7071,7 +7071,7 @@ pub fn op_open_ephemeral(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     let (cursor_id, is_table) = match insn {
@@ -7125,7 +7125,7 @@ pub fn op_open_ephemeral(
             let buffer_pool = program.connection._db.buffer_pool.clone();
             let page_cache = Arc::new(RwLock::new(PageCache::default()));
 
-            let pager = Rc::new(Pager::new(
+            let pager = Arc::new(Pager::new(
                 db_file,
                 None,
                 db_file_io,
@@ -7251,7 +7251,7 @@ pub fn op_open_dup(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7318,7 +7318,7 @@ pub fn op_once(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7342,7 +7342,7 @@ pub fn op_found(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     let (cursor_id, target_pc, record_reg, num_regs) = match insn {
@@ -7404,7 +7404,7 @@ pub fn op_affinity(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7438,7 +7438,7 @@ pub fn op_count(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7481,7 +7481,7 @@ pub fn op_integrity_check(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7561,7 +7561,7 @@ pub fn op_cast(
     _program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    _pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    _pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     _mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(Cast { reg, affinity }, insn);
@@ -7584,7 +7584,7 @@ pub fn op_rename_table(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(RenameTable { from, to }, insn);
@@ -7628,7 +7628,7 @@ pub fn op_drop_column(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7665,7 +7665,7 @@ pub fn op_add_column(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(AddColumn { table, column }, insn);
@@ -7696,7 +7696,7 @@ pub fn op_alter_column(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(
@@ -7760,7 +7760,7 @@ pub fn op_if_neg(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(IfNeg { reg, target_pc }, insn);
@@ -9195,7 +9195,7 @@ pub fn op_max_pgcnt(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(MaxPgcnt { db, dest, new_max }, insn);
@@ -9223,7 +9223,7 @@ pub fn op_journal_mode(
     program: &Program,
     state: &mut ProgramState,
     insn: &Insn,
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
 ) -> Result<InsnFunctionStepResult> {
     load_insn!(JournalMode { db, dest, new_mode }, insn);
diff --git a/core/vdbe/mod.rs b/core/vdbe/mod.rs
index 0606f2e08..36f2dc7ae 100644
--- a/core/vdbe/mod.rs
+++ b/core/vdbe/mod.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ use execute::{
 
 use explain::{insn_to_row_with_comment, EXPLAIN_COLUMNS, EXPLAIN_QUERY_PLAN_COLUMNS};
 use regex::Regex;
-use std::{cell::Cell, collections::HashMap, num::NonZero, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+use std::{cell::Cell, collections::HashMap, num::NonZero, sync::Arc};
 use tracing::{instrument, Level};
 
 /// State machine for committing view deltas with I/O handling
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ pub struct Program {
 }
 
 impl Program {
-    fn get_pager_from_database_index(&self, idx: &usize) -> Rc<Pager> {
+    fn get_pager_from_database_index(&self, idx: &usize) -> Arc<Pager> {
         self.connection.get_pager_from_database_index(idx)
     }
 
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ impl Program {
         &self,
         state: &mut ProgramState,
         mv_store: Option<Arc<MvStore>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         query_mode: QueryMode,
     ) -> Result<StepResult> {
         match query_mode {
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ impl Program {
         &self,
         state: &mut ProgramState,
         _mv_store: Option<Arc<MvStore>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<StepResult> {
         debug_assert!(state.column_count() == EXPLAIN_COLUMNS.len());
         if self.connection.closed.get() {
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ impl Program {
         &self,
         state: &mut ProgramState,
         _mv_store: Option<Arc<MvStore>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<StepResult> {
         debug_assert!(state.column_count() == EXPLAIN_QUERY_PLAN_COLUMNS.len());
         loop {
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ impl Program {
         &self,
         state: &mut ProgramState,
         mv_store: Option<Arc<MvStore>>,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<StepResult> {
         let enable_tracing = tracing::enabled!(tracing::Level::TRACE);
         loop {
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ impl Program {
         &self,
         state: &mut ProgramState,
         rollback: bool,
-        pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     ) -> Result<IOResult<()>> {
         use crate::types::IOResult;
 
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ impl Program {
 
     pub fn commit_txn(
         &self,
-        pager: Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: Arc<Pager>,
         program_state: &mut ProgramState,
         mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,
         rollback: bool,
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ impl Program {
     #[instrument(skip(self, pager, connection), level = Level::DEBUG)]
     fn step_end_write_txn(
         &self,
-        pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+        pager: &Arc<Pager>,
         commit_state: &mut CommitState,
         connection: &Connection,
         rollback: bool,
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ impl Row {
 
 /// Handle a program error by rolling back the transaction
 pub fn handle_program_error(
-    pager: &Rc<Pager>,
+    pager: &Arc<Pager>,
     connection: &Connection,
     err: &LimboError,
     mv_store: Option<&Arc<MvStore>>,