adding challenge 5

flareon4/challenge5.md

@@ -7,3 +7,314 @@ title: Challenge 5 pewpewboat.exe
 [Go Back to All Challenges](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4)
 
 # Challenge 5: pewpewboat.exe #
+
+This was a fun challenge that required you to play mutiple rounds of a battleship game in order to reveal the answer. Remember to always check the file header before starting. 
+
+## Triage ##
+
+As you can see this is not a windows PE binary, but instead an ELF binary:
+
+```
+00000000: 7f45 4c46 0201 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000  .ELF............
+00000010: 0200 3e00 0100 0000 e00a 4000 0000 0000  ..>.......@.....
+00000020: 4000 0000 0000 0000 7033 0100 0000 0000  @.......p3......
+00000030: 0000 0000 4000 3800 0900 4000 1d00 1c00  ....@.8...@.....
+00000040: 0600 0000 0500 0000 4000 0000 0000 0000  ........@.......
+00000050: 4000 4000 0000 0000 4000 4000 0000 0000  @.@.....@.@.....
+00000060: f801 0000 0000 0000 f801 0000 0000 0000  ................
+00000070: 0800 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 0400 0000  ................
+00000080: 3802 0000 0000 0000 3802 4000 0000 0000  8.......8.@.....
+00000090: 3802 4000 0000 0000 1c00 0000 0000 0000  8.@.............
+000000a0: 1c00 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000  ................
+```
+
+I typically use my ubtunu VM for ELF binary analysis. Here is the **file** command output:
+
+```
+ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=580d3cee15362410c9e7b0ae44d65d57deb52912, stripped
+```
+
+Here is some console output:
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_run.png "run")
+
+## Getting Started ##
+
+Since I am more of a windows RE person, I had to relearn using GDB. I recommend using GDB for the debugging portion. Here is a simple [GDB Cheatsheet](http://darkdust.net/files/GDB%20Cheat%20Sheet.pdf)
+```
+sudo apt-get install gdb
+```
+
+In the disassembly, be sure to look for:
+
+* large chunks of referenced junk data
+* input validation functions
+
+You want to map out the execution flow as much as possible, because you will need to know the exact offsets to set your break points if you use GDB.
+
+You should have mapped out something like this:
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_diagram.png "diagram")
+
+## Getting started with GDB ##
+
+1. Run GDB
+```
+gdb pewpewboat.exe
+```
+
+2. Set a breakpoint at the main function. Break at pointer 0x403D86 (main)
+```
+break *0x403D86
+```
+
+3. Run and it will stop at the next break point
+```
+run
+```
+
+4. Continue to running to the next break point
+```
+continue
+```
+
+5. Step into to the next instruction
+```
+si
+```
+
+6. Display disassembly for 20 instructions for the $pc regsiter
+```
+x/20i $pc
+```
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_gdb.png "gdb")
+
+**Display Registers**
+```
+info registers
+```
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_registers.png "registers")
+
+**Display 20 Hex Values**
+```
+x/20x $rbp-0x30
+```
+
+## Export Referenced data ##
+
+Be sure to extract the referenced data at offset **6050E0**
+
+## Seeds and Xoring ##
+
+Each pewpew map is decoded with a seed value in function 40304F. The initial seed value is in generated in function offset `403034`. If you look up values **41C64E6D** and **3039** you will find various other code that uses this seed generator values like John's code [here](https://github.com/fideliscyber/indicators/blob/master/dga-scripts/vawtrak-dga.py). After every map is decoded it generates a new seed value which it will use to decode the next map.
+
+From the start function:
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_decode.png "decode")
+
+Inside the decode function 40304F:
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_innerdecode.png "inner decode")
+
+## Useless Function ##
+
+If you saw this ouput call for **NotMD5Hash** you really don't need it. You can just simply patch the usage of it.
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_patch.png "patch")
+
+Patch the binary by changing 0x74 to 0x75 which will change JZ to JNZ:
+```
+< 00003750: 0048 89ce 4889 c7e8 c4d2 ffff 85c0 7405  .H..H.........t.
+---
+> 00003750: 0048 89ce 4889 c7e8 c4d2 ffff 85c0 7505  .H..H.........u.
+```
+
+## Breaking Down the Pewpew Map Data ##
+
+The first 16 bytes are the coordinates for the battelships while the next 8 bytes is the initial seed.
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_parsedmap.png "parsed map")
+
+### Coordinates ###
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_andcoords.png "coords")
+
+You can see where the coordinates are referenced yourself by setting a beak point at `4039E9`
+```
+break *0x4039E9
+```
+Hit continue once and it will ask you to enter a coordinate on the pewpew map and will break back at 4039E9. This is where you will want to look at the contents of [rbp+var_58]. Use these commands to view to contents.
+```
+>>> x/x $rbp-0x58
+0x7fffffffdd58:	0x00614010
+>>> x/16x 0x00614010
+0x614010:	0x08087800	0x00080878	0x00000200	0x00000000
+0x614020:	0x59cfcf4f	0xef6e3dba	0x00000020	0x65533242
+0x614030:	0x6e616d61	0x63655220	0x74697572	0x83dc5f00
+0x614040:	0x557b1484	0x7e520297	0x63603e62	0x65579bcb
+>>> x/x $rax+0x8
+0x614018:	0x00000800
+```
+
+You will begin to notice that $rax+0x8 is the coordinate you entered while $rbp-0x58 is the hardcorded coordinates in the map data.
+
+|Code|Coord|
+| --- | --- |
+|0x1| A1 |
+|0x2| A2 |
+|0x4| A3 |
+|0x8| A4 |
+|0x10| A5 |
+|0x20| A6 |
+|0x40| A7 |
+|0x80| A8 |
+
+|0x100| B1 |
+|0x200| B2 |
+|0x400| B3 |
+|0x800| B4 |
+|0x1000| B5 |
+|0x2000| B6 |
+|0x4000| B7 |
+|0x8000| B8 |
+
+|0x10000| C1 |
+|0x20000| C2 |
+|0x40000| C3 |
+|0x80000| C4 |
+|0x100000| C5 |
+|0x200000| C6 |
+|0x400000| C7 |
+|0x800000| C8 |
+
+|0x1000000| D1 |
+|0x2000000| D2 |
+|0x4000000| D3 |
+|0x8000000| D4 |
+|0x10000000| D5 |
+|0x20000000| D6 |
+|0x40000000| D7 |
+|0x80000000| D8 |
+
+|0x100000000| E1 |
+|0x200000000| E2 |
+|0x400000000| E3 |
+|0x800000000| E4 |
+|0x1000000000| E5 |
+|0x2000000000| E6 |
+|0x4000000000| E7 |
+|0x8000000000| E8 |
+
+|0x10000000000| F1 |
+|0x20000000000| F2 |
+|0x40000000000| F3 |
+|0x80000000000| F4 |
+|0x100000000000| F5 |
+|0x200000000000| F6 |
+|0x400000000000| F7 |
+|0x800000000000| F8 |
+
+|0x1000000000000| G1 |
+|0x2000000000000| G2 |
+|0x4000000000000| G3 |
+|0x8000000000000| G4 |
+|0x10000000000000| G5 |
+|0x20000000000000| G6 |
+|0x40000000000000| G7 |
+|0x80000000000000| G8 |
+
+|0x100000000000000| H1 |
+|0x200000000000000| H2 |
+|0x400000000000000| H3 |
+|0x800000000000000| H4 |
+|0x1000000000000000| H5 |
+|0x2000000000000000| H6 |
+|0x4000000000000000| H7 |
+|0x8000000000000000| H8 |
+
+### Updating the seed 4030AF ###
+
+Here is where the seed manipulation is happenning:
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_seedmanip.png "seed manip")
+
+It takes the coordinates and uses this to update the initial seed. If you were to input **B4**: B being x and 4 being y. 
+
+```
+seed = init_seed + ((y*0x593) + (x*0x1E01) + (x * y + 0x14a1)) & 0xffffffffffffffff
+```
+
+Once you have decoded the last level it will ask you to combine all the letters that were created from the coordinates. The hint here is the number **13** hidden between the PEWs.
+
+```
+Aye!PEWYouPEWfoundPEWsomePEWlettersPEWdidPEWya?PEWToPEWfindPEWwhatPEWyou'rePEWlookingPEWfor,PEW
+you'llPEWwantPEWtoPEWre-orderPEWthem:PEW9,PEW1,PEW2,PEW7,PEW3,PEW5,PEW6,PEW5,PEW8,PEW0,PEW2,PEW3,PEW5,PEW6,PEW1,PEW4.PEWNextPEWyouPEWletPEW13PEWROTPEWinPEWthe
+PEWsea!PEWTHEPEWFINALPEWSECRETPEWCANPEWBEPEWFOUNDPEWWITHPEWONLYPEWTHEPEWUPPERPEWCASE.
+```
+
+You will need to shuffle around the letters and use ROT13 to decode them.
+OHGJURERVFGUREHZ -> BUTWHEREISTHERUM
+
+![alt text](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/images/ch5_finale.png "finale")
+
+Here is the code used to decode the pewpew map data:
+
+```
+import struct
+import hexdump
+
+
+pewmap = [[0x1, "A1"], [0x2, "A2"], [0x4, "A3"], [0x8, "A4"], [0x10, "A5"], [0x20, "A6"], [0x40, "A7"], [0x80, "A8"],
+[0x100, "B1"], [0x200, "B2"], [0x400, "B3"], [0x800, "B4"], [0x1000, "B5"], [0x2000, "B6"], [0x4000, "B7"], [0x8000, "B8"],
+[0x10000, "C1"], [0x20000, "C2"], [0x40000, "C3"], [0x80000, "C4"], [0x100000, "C5"], [0x200000, "C6"], [0x400000, "C7"], [0x800000, "C8"],
+[0x1000000, "D1"], [0x2000000, "D2"], [0x4000000, "D3"], [0x8000000, "D4"], [0x10000000, "D5"], [0x20000000, "D6"], [0x40000000, "D7"], [0x80000000, "D8"],
+[0x100000000, "E1"], [0x200000000, "E2"], [0x400000000, "E3"], [0x800000000, "E4"], [0x1000000000, "E5"], [0x2000000000, "E6"], [0x4000000000, "E7"], [0x8000000000, "E8"],
+[0x10000000000, "F1"], [0x20000000000, "F2"], [0x40000000000, "F3"], [0x80000000000, "F4"], [0x100000000000, "F5"], [0x200000000000, "F6"], [0x400000000000, "F7"], [0x800000000000, "F8"],
+[0x1000000000000, "G1"], [0x2000000000000, "G2"], [0x4000000000000, "G3"], [0x8000000000000, "G4"], [0x10000000000000, "G5"], [0x20000000000000, "G6"], [0x40000000000000, "G7"], [0x80000000000000, "G8"],
+[0x100000000000000, "H1"], [0x200000000000000, "H2"], [0x400000000000000, "H3"], [0x800000000000000, "H4"], [0x1000000000000000, "H5"], [0x2000000000000000, "H6"], [0x4000000000000000, "H7"], [0x8000000000000000, "H8"]]
+size = 0x240
+seed = 0x3b1ee5f6b3d99ff7
+
+def gen_seed(seed):
+    seed = ((seed * 0x41C64E6D) + 0x3039) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+    return seed
+
+
+with open("referenced_data.bin", "rb") as fp:
+    data = fp.read()
+    dst = ""
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(data):
+        k = 0
+        while k < size and (k+i) < len(data):
+            seed = gen_seed(seed)
+            buff = data[k+i]
+            dst = dst + chr((ord(buff) ^ (seed & 0xff)) & 0xff)
+            k = k + 1
+        print "old_seed: %s" % hexdump.dump(dst[16+i:24+i])
+        seed_int = struct.unpack("<Q", dst[16+i:24+i])[0]
+        print_coords = ""
+        for coordinates in pewmap:
+            coords = struct.unpack("<Q", dst[i:8+i])[0]
+            result = coords & coordinates[0]
+
+            while result != 0x0:
+                if result == 0x1:
+                    result = result + 0x1
+                result = result & 0x1
+                result >> 0x1
+
+                print_coords = print_coords + " " + coordinates[1]
+                x = ord(coordinates[1][0])
+                y = ord(coordinates[1][1])
+                seed_int = (seed_int + ((y * 0x593) + x * 0x1E01) + (y * x + 0x14a1)) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+                seed = seed_int
+        print "coordinates: ", print_coords
+        print "new_seed: ", hexdump.dump(struct.pack('<Q', seed))
+        dst = dst[:16+i] + struct.pack('<Q', seed) + dst[24+i:]
+        print dst[i:400+i]
+        print "\n"
+        i += size
+        open("output.bin", "wb").write(dst)
+```
+
+[Challenge 4 <- Back](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/challenge4) | [Next -> Challenge 6](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/challenge6)

flareon4/flareon4.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ You can download the binaries [HERE](https://github.com/securedorg/securedorg.gi
 
 ### Challenge 4) [notepad.exe](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/challenge4) ### 
 
-### Challenge 5) [pewpewboat.exe](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/challenge5) *pending* ### 
+### Challenge 5) [pewpewboat.exe](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/challenge5) ### 
 
 ### Challenge 6) [payload.dll](https://securedorg.github.io/flareon4/challenge6) *pending* ###