Handle SSE Disconnects Properly (#612)

examples/servers/simple-prompt/mcp_simple_prompt/server.py

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
     if transport == "sse":
         from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
         from starlette.applications import Starlette
+        from starlette.responses import Response
         from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
 
         sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
                 await app.run(
                     streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                 )
+            return Response()
 
         starlette_app = Starlette(
             debug=True,

examples/servers/simple-resource/mcp_simple_resource/server.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
     if transport == "sse":
         from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
         from starlette.applications import Starlette
+        from starlette.responses import Response
         from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
 
         sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")
@@ -57,11 +58,12 @@ def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
                 await app.run(
                     streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                 )
+            return Response()
 
         starlette_app = Starlette(
             debug=True,
             routes=[
-                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
+                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse, methods=["GET"]),
                 Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
             ],
         )

examples/servers/simple-tool/mcp_simple_tool/server.py

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
     if transport == "sse":
         from mcp.server.sse import SseServerTransport
         from starlette.applications import Starlette
+        from starlette.responses import Response
         from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
 
         sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")
@@ -71,11 +72,12 @@ def main(port: int, transport: str) -> int:
                 await app.run(
                     streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
                 )
+            return Response()
 
         starlette_app = Starlette(
             debug=True,
             routes=[
-                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
+                Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse, methods=["GET"]),
                 Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
             ],
         )

src/mcp/server/fastmcp/server.py

@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@ class FastMCP:
                     streams[1],
                     self._mcp_server.create_initialization_options(),
                 )
+            return Response()
 
         # Create routes
         routes: list[Route | Mount] = []

src/mcp/server/session.py

@@ -104,9 +104,6 @@ class ServerSession(
         self._exit_stack.push_async_callback(
             lambda: self._incoming_message_stream_reader.aclose()
         )
-        self._exit_stack.push_async_callback(
-            lambda: self._incoming_message_stream_writer.aclose()
-        )
 
     @property
     def client_params(self) -> types.InitializeRequestParams | None:
@@ -144,6 +141,10 @@ class ServerSession(
 
         return True
 
+    async def _receive_loop(self) -> None:
+        async with self._incoming_message_stream_writer:
+            await super()._receive_loop()
+
     async def _received_request(
         self, responder: RequestResponder[types.ClientRequest, types.ServerResult]
     ):

src/mcp/server/sse.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Example usage:
 
     # Create Starlette routes for SSE and message handling
     routes = [
-        Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse),
+        Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse, methods=["GET"]),
         Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
     ]
 
@@ -22,12 +22,18 @@ Example usage:
             await app.run(
                 streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
             )
+        # Return empty response to avoid NoneType error
+        return Response()
 
     # Create and run Starlette app
     starlette_app = Starlette(routes=routes)
     uvicorn.run(starlette_app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
 ```
 
+Note: The handle_sse function must return a Response to avoid a "TypeError: 'NoneType'
+object is not callable" error when client disconnects. The example above returns
+an empty Response() after the SSE connection ends to fix this.
+
 See SseServerTransport class documentation for more details.
 """
 
@@ -120,11 +126,22 @@ class SseServerTransport:
                     )
 
         async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
-            response = EventSourceResponse(
+
-                content=sse_stream_reader, data_sender_callable=sse_writer
+            async def response_wrapper(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
-            )
+                """
+                The EventSourceResponse returning signals a client close / disconnect.
+                In this case we close our side of the streams to signal the client that
+                the connection has been closed.
+                """
+                await EventSourceResponse(
+                    content=sse_stream_reader, data_sender_callable=sse_writer
+                )(scope, receive, send)
+                await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+                await write_stream_reader.aclose()
+                logging.debug(f"Client session disconnected {session_id}")
+
             logger.debug("Starting SSE response task")
-            tg.start_soon(response, scope, receive, send)
+            tg.start_soon(response_wrapper, scope, receive, send)
 
             logger.debug("Yielding read and write streams")
             yield (read_stream, write_stream)

tests/shared/test_sse.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import uvicorn
 from pydantic import AnyUrl
 from starlette.applications import Starlette
 from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
 from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
 
 from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
@@ -83,13 +84,14 @@ def make_server_app() -> Starlette:
     sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")
     server = ServerTest()
 
-    async def handle_sse(request: Request) -> None:
+    async def handle_sse(request: Request) -> Response:
         async with sse.connect_sse(
             request.scope, request.receive, request._send
         ) as streams:
             await server.run(
                 streams[0], streams[1], server.create_initialization_options()
             )
+        return Response()
 
     app = Starlette(
         routes=[