diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ada35bc6f..7025d3ea2 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ secp256k1/libsecp256k1.la:
 lightning.pb-c.c lightning.pb-c.h: lightning.proto
 	$(PROTOCC) lightning.proto --c_out=.
 
-$(TEST_PROGRAMS): % : %.o $(BITCOIN_OBJS) $(CCAN_OBJS) version.o libsecp256k1.a
+$(TEST_PROGRAMS): % : %.o $(BITCOIN_OBJS) $(CCAN_OBJS) utils.o version.o libsecp256k1.a
 
 ccan/config.h: ccan/tools/configurator/configurator
 	if $< > $@.new; then mv $@.new $@; else rm $@.new; exit 1; fi
diff --git a/bitcoin/pubkey.c b/bitcoin/pubkey.c
index 565802754..1cfc9298a 100644
--- a/bitcoin/pubkey.c
+++ b/bitcoin/pubkey.c
@@ -1,39 +1,44 @@
 #include "privkey.h"
 #include "pubkey.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ccan/mem/mem.h>
 #include <ccan/str/hex/hex.h>
+#include <ccan/structeq/structeq.h>
 
 bool pubkey_from_der(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 		     const u8 *der, size_t len,
 		     struct pubkey *key)
 {
-	if (len != sizeof(key->der))
+	if (len != PUBKEY_DER_LEN)
 		return false;
 
-	memcpy(key->der, memcheck(der, sizeof(key->der)), sizeof(key->der));
-	if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse(secpctx, &key->pubkey, key->der,
-				       sizeof(key->der)))
+	if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse(secpctx, &key->pubkey,
+				       memcheck(der, len), len))
 		return false;
 
 	return true;
 }
 
+void pubkey_to_der(secp256k1_context *secpctx, u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN],
+		   const struct pubkey *key)
+{
+	size_t outlen = PUBKEY_DER_LEN;
+	if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize(secpctx, der, &outlen,
+					   &key->pubkey,
+					   SECP256K1_EC_COMPRESSED))
+		abort();
+	assert(outlen == PUBKEY_DER_LEN);
+}
+
 /* Pubkey from privkey */
 bool pubkey_from_privkey(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			 const struct privkey *privkey,
 			 struct pubkey *key,
 			 unsigned int compressed_flags)
 {
-	size_t outlen;
-	
 	if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_create(secpctx, &key->pubkey, privkey->secret))
 		return false;
-
-	if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize(secpctx, key->der, &outlen,
-					   &key->pubkey, compressed_flags))
-		return false;
-	assert(outlen == sizeof(key->der));
 	return true;
 }
 	
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ bool pubkey_from_hexstr(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			const char *derstr, size_t slen, struct pubkey *key)
 {
 	size_t dlen;
-	unsigned char der[sizeof(key->der)];
+	unsigned char der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
 
 	dlen = hex_data_size(slen);
 	if (dlen != sizeof(der))
@@ -53,7 +58,16 @@ bool pubkey_from_hexstr(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 	return pubkey_from_der(secpctx, der, dlen, key);
 }
 
+char *pubkey_to_hexstr(const tal_t *ctx, secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+		       const struct pubkey *key)
+{
+	unsigned char der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
+
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+	return tal_hexstr(ctx, der, sizeof(der));
+}
+	
 bool pubkey_eq(const struct pubkey *a, const struct pubkey *b)
 {
-	return memcmp(a->der, b->der, sizeof(a->der)) == 0;
+	return structeq(&a->pubkey, &b->pubkey);
 }
diff --git a/bitcoin/pubkey.h b/bitcoin/pubkey.h
index e98894abd..466fc0b63 100644
--- a/bitcoin/pubkey.h
+++ b/bitcoin/pubkey.h
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 
 struct privkey;
 
+#define PUBKEY_DER_LEN 33
+
 struct pubkey {
-	/* DER-encoded key (as hashed by bitcoin, for addresses) */
-	u8 der[33];
 	/* Unpacked pubkey (as used by libsecp256k1 internally) */
 	secp256k1_pubkey pubkey;
 };
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ struct pubkey {
 bool pubkey_from_hexstr(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			const char *derstr, size_t derlen, struct pubkey *key);
 
+/* Convert from hex string of DER (scriptPubKey from validateaddress) */
+char *pubkey_to_hexstr(const tal_t *ctx, secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+		       const struct pubkey *key);
+
 /* Pubkey from privkey */
 bool pubkey_from_privkey(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			 const struct privkey *privkey,
@@ -28,6 +32,10 @@ bool pubkey_from_privkey(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 bool pubkey_from_der(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 		     const u8 *der, size_t len, struct pubkey *key);
 
+/* Pubkey to DER encoding: must be valid pubkey. */
+void pubkey_to_der(secp256k1_context *secpctx, u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN],
+		   const struct pubkey *key);
+
 /* Are these keys equal? */
 bool pubkey_eq(const struct pubkey *a, const struct pubkey *b);
 #endif /* LIGHTNING_PUBKEY_H */
diff --git a/bitcoin/script.c b/bitcoin/script.c
index 3dc0c964d..b0361cd4c 100644
--- a/bitcoin/script.c
+++ b/bitcoin/script.c
@@ -110,14 +110,24 @@ static void add_number(u8 **script, u32 num)
 	}
 }
 
-static void add_push_key(u8 **scriptp, const struct pubkey *key)
+static void add_push_key(u8 **scriptp,
+			 secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			 const struct pubkey *key)
 {
-	add_push_bytes(scriptp, key->der, sizeof(key->der));
+	u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+
+	add_push_bytes(scriptp, der, sizeof(der));
 }
 
-static u8 *stack_key(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key)
+static u8 *stack_key(const tal_t *ctx,
+		     secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+		     const struct pubkey *key)
 {
-	return tal_dup_arr(ctx, u8, key->der, sizeof(key->der), 0);
+	u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+
+	return tal_dup_arr(ctx, u8, der, sizeof(der), 0);
 }
 
 /* Bitcoin wants DER encoding. */
@@ -151,26 +161,31 @@ static u8 *stack_number(const tal_t *ctx, unsigned int num)
 	return tal_dup_arr(ctx, u8, &val, 1, 0);
 }
 
-/* FIXME: permute? */
 /* Is a < b? (If equal we don't care) */
-static bool key_less(const struct pubkey *a, const struct pubkey *b)
+static bool key_less(secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+		     const struct pubkey *a, const struct pubkey *b)
 {
-	return memcmp(a->der, b->der, sizeof(a->der)) < 0;
+	u8 a_der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN], b_der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, a_der, a);
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, b_der, b);
+
+	return memcmp(a_der, b_der, sizeof(a_der)) < 0;
 }
 	
 /* tal_count() gives the length of the script. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_2of2(const tal_t *ctx,
+			secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			const struct pubkey *key1,
 			const struct pubkey *key2)
 {
 	u8 *script = tal_arr(ctx, u8, 0);
 	add_number(&script, 2);
-	if (key_less(key1, key2)) {
-		add_push_key(&script, key1);
-		add_push_key(&script, key2);
+	if (key_less(secpctx, key1, key2)) {
+		add_push_key(&script, secpctx, key1);
+		add_push_key(&script, secpctx, key2);
 	} else {
-		add_push_key(&script, key2);
-		add_push_key(&script, key1);
+		add_push_key(&script, secpctx, key2);
+		add_push_key(&script, secpctx, key1);
 	}
 	add_number(&script, 2);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKMULTISIG);
@@ -178,10 +193,12 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_2of2(const tal_t *ctx,
 }
 
 /* tal_count() gives the length of the script. */
-u8 *bitcoin_redeem_single(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key)
+u8 *bitcoin_redeem_single(const tal_t *ctx,
+			  secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			  const struct pubkey *key)
 {
 	u8 *script = tal_arr(ctx, u8, 0);
-	add_push_key(&script, key);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, key);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKSIG);
 	return script;
 }
@@ -200,15 +217,19 @@ u8 *scriptpubkey_p2sh(const tal_t *ctx, const u8 *redeemscript)
 }
 
 /* Create the redeemscript for a P2SH + P2WPKH (for signing tx) */
-u8 *bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key)
+u8 *bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
+			  secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			  const struct pubkey *key)
 {
 	struct ripemd160 keyhash;
+	u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
 	u8 *script = tal_arr(ctx, u8, 0);
 
 	/* BIP141: BIP16 redeemScript pushed in the scriptSig is exactly a
 	 * push of a version byte plus a push of a witness program. */
 	add_number(&script, 0);
-	hash160(&keyhash, key->der, sizeof(key->der));
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+	hash160(&keyhash, der, sizeof(der));
 	add_push_bytes(&script, &keyhash, sizeof(keyhash));
 	return script;
 }
@@ -220,7 +241,7 @@ void bitcoin_witness_p2sh_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
 				 const struct bitcoin_signature *sig,
 				 const struct pubkey *key)
 {
-	u8 *redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(ctx, key);
+	u8 *redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(ctx, secpctx, key);
 
 	/* BIP141: The scriptSig must be exactly a push of the BIP16 redeemScript
 	 * or validation fails. */
@@ -233,7 +254,7 @@ void bitcoin_witness_p2sh_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
 	 * a public key. */
 	input->witness = tal_arr(ctx, u8 *, 2);
 	input->witness[0] = stack_sig(input->witness, secpctx, sig);
-	input->witness[1] = stack_key(input->witness, key);
+	input->witness[1] = stack_key(input->witness, secpctx, key);
 }
 	
 /* Create an output script for a 32-byte witness. */
@@ -249,13 +270,17 @@ u8 *scriptpubkey_p2wsh(const tal_t *ctx, const u8 *witnessscript)
 }
 
 /* Create an output script for a 20-byte witness. */
-u8 *scriptpubkey_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key)
+u8 *scriptpubkey_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
+			secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			const struct pubkey *key)
 {
 	struct ripemd160 h;
+	u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
 	u8 *script = tal_arr(ctx, u8, 0);
 	
 	add_op(&script, OP_0);
-	hash160(&h, key->der, sizeof(key->der));
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+	hash160(&h, der, sizeof(der));
 	add_push_bytes(&script, &h, sizeof(h));
 	return script;
 }
@@ -274,7 +299,7 @@ u8 **bitcoin_witness_2of2(const tal_t *ctx,
 	witness[0] = stack_number(witness, 0);
 
 	/* sig order should match key order. */
-	if (key_less(key1, key2)) {
+	if (key_less(secpctx, key1, key2)) {
 		witness[1] = stack_sig(witness, secpctx, sig1);
 		witness[2] = stack_sig(witness, secpctx, sig2);
 	} else {
@@ -282,12 +307,13 @@ u8 **bitcoin_witness_2of2(const tal_t *ctx,
 		witness[2] = stack_sig(witness, secpctx, sig1);
 	}
 
-	witness[3] = bitcoin_redeem_2of2(witness, key1, key2);
+	witness[3] = bitcoin_redeem_2of2(witness, secpctx, key1, key2);
 	return witness;
 }
 
 /* Create a script for our HTLC output: sending. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(const tal_t *ctx,
+			     secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			     const struct pubkey *ourkey,
 			     const struct pubkey *theirkey,
 			     const struct abs_locktime *htlc_abstimeout,
@@ -321,7 +347,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(const tal_t *ctx,
 
 	/* If either matched... */
 	add_op(&script, OP_IF);
-	add_push_key(&script, theirkey);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, theirkey);
 
 	add_op(&script, OP_ELSE);
 
@@ -331,7 +357,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(const tal_t *ctx,
 	add_number(&script, locktime->locktime);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY);
 	add_op(&script, OP_2DROP);
-	add_push_key(&script, ourkey);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, ourkey);
 
 	add_op(&script, OP_ENDIF);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKSIG);
@@ -341,6 +367,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(const tal_t *ctx,
 
 /* Create a script for our HTLC output: receiving. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(const tal_t *ctx,
+			     secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			     const struct pubkey *ourkey,
 			     const struct pubkey *theirkey,
 			     const struct abs_locktime *htlc_abstimeout,
@@ -372,7 +399,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(const tal_t *ctx,
 	/* Drop extra hash as well as locktime. */
 	add_op(&script, OP_2DROP);
 
-	add_push_key(&script, ourkey);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, ourkey);
 
 	add_op(&script, OP_ELSE);
 
@@ -389,7 +416,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(const tal_t *ctx,
 	add_op(&script, OP_DROP);
 	add_op(&script, OP_ENDIF);
 
-	add_push_key(&script, theirkey);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, theirkey);
 	
 	add_op(&script, OP_ENDIF);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKSIG);
@@ -398,13 +425,17 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(const tal_t *ctx,
 }
 
 /* Create scriptcode (fake witness, basically) for P2WPKH */
-u8 *p2wpkh_scriptcode(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key)
+u8 *p2wpkh_scriptcode(const tal_t *ctx,
+		      secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+		      const struct pubkey *key)
 {
 	struct sha256 h;
 	struct ripemd160 pkhash;
+	u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
 	u8 *script = tal_arr(ctx, u8, 0);
 
-	sha256(&h, key->der, sizeof(key->der));
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+	sha256(&h, der, sizeof(der));
 	ripemd160(&pkhash, h.u.u8, sizeof(h));
 	/* BIP143:
 	 *
@@ -439,6 +470,7 @@ bool is_p2sh(const u8 *script, size_t script_len)
 /* A common script pattern: A can have it with secret, or B can have
  * it after delay. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(const tal_t *ctx,
+				   secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 				   const struct pubkey *delayed_key,
 				   const struct rel_locktime *locktime,
 				   const struct pubkey *key_if_secret_known,
@@ -456,7 +488,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(const tal_t *ctx,
 	add_op(&script, OP_IF);
 	
 	/* They can collect the funds. */
-	add_push_key(&script, key_if_secret_known);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, key_if_secret_known);
 
 	add_op(&script, OP_ELSE);
 
@@ -464,7 +496,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(const tal_t *ctx,
 	add_number(&script, locktime->locktime);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY);
 	add_op(&script, OP_DROP);
-	add_push_key(&script, delayed_key);
+	add_push_key(&script, secpctx, delayed_key);
 
 	add_op(&script, OP_ENDIF);
 	add_op(&script, OP_CHECKSIG);
diff --git a/bitcoin/script.h b/bitcoin/script.h
index d4d23f6c9..d3af4c867 100644
--- a/bitcoin/script.h
+++ b/bitcoin/script.h
@@ -21,15 +21,19 @@ struct bitcoin_signature {
 
 /* tal_count() gives the length of the script. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_2of2(const tal_t *ctx,
+			secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			const struct pubkey *key1,
 			const struct pubkey *key2);
 
 /* tal_count() gives the length of the script. */
-u8 *bitcoin_redeem_single(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key);
+u8 *bitcoin_redeem_single(const tal_t *ctx,
+			  secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			  const struct pubkey *key);
 
 /* A common script pattern: A can have it with secret, or B can have
  * it after delay. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(const tal_t *ctx,
+				   secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 				   const struct pubkey *delayed_key,
 				   const struct rel_locktime *locktime,
 				   const struct pubkey *key_if_secret_known,
@@ -39,7 +43,9 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(const tal_t *ctx,
 u8 *scriptpubkey_p2sh(const tal_t *ctx, const u8 *redeemscript);
 
 /* Create the redeemscript for a P2SH + P2WPKH. */
-u8 *bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key);
+u8 *bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
+			  secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			  const struct pubkey *key);
 
 /* Create a witness which spends the 2of2. */
 void bitcoin_witness_p2sh_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
@@ -49,10 +55,13 @@ void bitcoin_witness_p2sh_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
 				 const struct pubkey *key);
 
 /* Create scriptcode (fake witness, basically) for P2WPKH */
-u8 *p2wpkh_scriptcode(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key);
+u8 *p2wpkh_scriptcode(const tal_t *ctx,
+		      secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+		      const struct pubkey *key);
 
 /* Create a script for our HTLC output: sending. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(const tal_t *ctx,
+			     secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			     const struct pubkey *ourkey,
 			     const struct pubkey *theirkey,
 			     const struct abs_locktime *htlc_abstimeout,
@@ -62,6 +71,7 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(const tal_t *ctx,
 
 /* Create a script for our HTLC output: receiving. */
 u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(const tal_t *ctx,
+			     secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 			     const struct pubkey *ourkey,
 			     const struct pubkey *theirkey,
 			     const struct abs_locktime *htlc_abstimeout,
@@ -73,7 +83,9 @@ u8 *bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(const tal_t *ctx,
 u8 *scriptpubkey_p2wsh(const tal_t *ctx, const u8 *witnessscript);
 
 /* Create an output script for a 20-byte witness program. */
-u8 *scriptpubkey_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx, const struct pubkey *key);
+u8 *scriptpubkey_p2wpkh(const tal_t *ctx,
+			secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			const struct pubkey *key);
 
 /* Create a witness which spends the 2of2. */
 u8 **bitcoin_witness_2of2(const tal_t *ctx,
diff --git a/commit_tx.c b/commit_tx.c
index 2b91f1a74..c66e4f3a0 100644
--- a/commit_tx.c
+++ b/commit_tx.c
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 
 static bool add_htlc(struct bitcoin_tx *tx, size_t n,
+		     secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 		     const struct htlc *h,
 		     const struct pubkey *ourkey,
 		     const struct pubkey *theirkey,
 		     const struct sha256 *rhash,
 		     const struct rel_locktime *locktime,
 		     u8 *(*scriptpubkeyfn)(const tal_t *,
+					   secp256k1_context *,
 					   const struct pubkey *,
 					   const struct pubkey *,
 					   const struct abs_locktime *,
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ static bool add_htlc(struct bitcoin_tx *tx, size_t n,
 	assert(!tx->output[n].script);
 
 	tx->output[n].script = scriptpubkey_p2wsh(tx,
-				 scriptpubkeyfn(tx, ourkey, theirkey,
+				 scriptpubkeyfn(tx, secpctx, ourkey, theirkey,
 						&h->expiry, locktime, rhash,
 						&h->rhash));
 	tx->output[n].script_length = tal_count(tx->output[n].script);
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ static bool add_htlc(struct bitcoin_tx *tx, size_t n,
 }
 
 struct bitcoin_tx *create_commit_tx(const tal_t *ctx,
+				    secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 				    const struct pubkey *our_final,
 				    const struct pubkey *their_final,
 				    const struct rel_locktime *our_locktime,
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ struct bitcoin_tx *create_commit_tx(const tal_t *ctx,
 	
 	/* First output is a P2WSH to a complex redeem script
 	 * (usu. for this side) */
-	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(tx, self,
+	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(tx, secpctx, self,
 						      locktime,
 						      other,
 						      rhash);
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ struct bitcoin_tx *create_commit_tx(const tal_t *ctx,
 	tx->output[0].amount = cstate->side[side].pay_msat / 1000;
 
 	/* Second output is a P2WPKH payment to other side. */
-	tx->output[1].script = scriptpubkey_p2wpkh(tx, other);
+	tx->output[1].script = scriptpubkey_p2wpkh(tx, secpctx, other);
 	tx->output[1].script_length = tal_count(tx->output[1].script);
 	tx->output[1].amount = cstate->side[!side].pay_msat / 1000;
 
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ struct bitcoin_tx *create_commit_tx(const tal_t *ctx,
 
 	/* HTLCs this side sent. */
 	for (i = 0; i < tal_count(cstate->side[side].htlcs); i++) {
-		if (!add_htlc(tx, num, cstate->side[side].htlcs[i],
+		if (!add_htlc(tx, num, secpctx, cstate->side[side].htlcs[i],
 			      self, other, rhash, locktime,
 			      bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send))
 			return tal_free(tx);
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ struct bitcoin_tx *create_commit_tx(const tal_t *ctx,
 	}
 	/* HTLCs this side has received. */
 	for (i = 0; i < tal_count(cstate->side[!side].htlcs); i++) {
-		if (!add_htlc(tx, num, cstate->side[!side].htlcs[i],
+		if (!add_htlc(tx, num, secpctx, cstate->side[!side].htlcs[i],
 			      self, other, rhash, locktime,
 			      bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv))
 			return tal_free(tx);
diff --git a/commit_tx.h b/commit_tx.h
index a94caf9b9..877642e6b 100644
--- a/commit_tx.h
+++ b/commit_tx.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ struct rel_locktime;
 /* Create commitment tx to spend the anchor tx output; doesn't fill in
  * input scriptsig. */
 struct bitcoin_tx *create_commit_tx(const tal_t *ctx,
+				    secp256k1_context *secpctx,
 				    const struct pubkey *our_final,
 				    const struct pubkey *their_final,
 				    const struct rel_locktime *our_locktime,
diff --git a/daemon/log.c b/daemon/log.c
index d351bad83..2be6a2d42 100644
--- a/daemon/log.c
+++ b/daemon/log.c
@@ -274,12 +274,13 @@ void log_add(struct log *log, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-#define to_string(ctx, structtype, ptr)				\
-	to_string_((ctx), stringify(structtype),			\
+#define to_string(ctx, lr, structtype, ptr)				\
+	to_string_((ctx), lr, stringify(structtype),			\
 		   ((void)sizeof((ptr) == (structtype *)NULL),		\
 		    ((union loggable_structs)((const structtype *)ptr))))
 
 static char *to_string_(const tal_t *ctx,
+			struct log_record *lr,
 			const char *structname,
 			union loggable_structs u)
 {
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ static char *to_string_(const tal_t *ctx,
 
 	/* GCC checks we're one of these, so we should be. */
 	if (streq(structname, "struct pubkey"))
-		s = tal_hexstr(ctx, u.pubkey->der, sizeof(u.pubkey->der));
+		s = pubkey_to_hexstr(ctx, lr->dstate->secpctx, u.pubkey);
 	else if (streq(structname, "struct sha256_double"))
 		s = tal_hexstr(ctx, u.sha256_double, sizeof(*u.sha256_double));
 	else if (streq(structname, "struct sha256"))
@@ -318,11 +319,11 @@ static char *to_string_(const tal_t *ctx,
 			    " rval=%s"
 			    " src=%s }",
 			    h->id, h->msatoshis,
-			    to_string(ctx, struct abs_locktime, &h->expiry),
-			    to_string(ctx, struct sha256, &h->rhash),
+			    to_string(ctx, lr, struct abs_locktime, &h->expiry),
+			    to_string(ctx, lr, struct sha256, &h->rhash),
 			    h->r ? tal_hexstr(ctx, h->r, sizeof(*h->r))
 			    : "UNKNOWN",
-			    h->src ? to_string(ctx, struct pubkey,
+			    h->src ? to_string(ctx, lr, struct pubkey,
 					       &h->src->peer->id)
 			    : "local");
 	}
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ void log_struct_(struct log *log, int level,
 	va_end(ap);
 
 	/* GCC checks we're one of these, so we should be. */
-	s = to_string_(ctx, structname, u);
+	s = to_string_(ctx, log->lr, structname, u);
 	if (!s)
 		fatal("Logging unknown type %s", structname);
 
diff --git a/daemon/packets.c b/daemon/packets.c
index e9cb01345..f071e5450 100644
--- a/daemon/packets.c
+++ b/daemon/packets.c
@@ -22,20 +22,6 @@
 #include <ccan/tal/str/str.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 
-#define FIXME_STUB(peer) do { log_broken((peer)->dstate->base_log, "%s:%u: Implement %s!", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__); abort(); } while(0)
-
-static void dump_tx(const char *str, const struct bitcoin_tx *tx)
-{
-	u8 *linear = linearize_tx(NULL, tx);
-	printf("%s:%s\n", str, tal_hexstr(linear, linear, tal_count(linear)));
-	tal_free(linear);
-}
-
-static void dump_key(const char *str, const struct pubkey *key)
-{
-	printf("%s:%s\n", str, tal_hexstr(NULL, key->der, sizeof(key->der)));
-}
-
 /* Wrap (and own!) member inside Pkt */
 static Pkt *make_pkt(const tal_t *ctx, Pkt__PktCase type, const void *msg)
 {
@@ -150,8 +136,10 @@ void queue_pkt_open_commit_sig(struct peer *peer)
 
 	open_commit_sig__init(s);
 
-	dump_tx("Creating sig for:", peer->remote.commit->tx);
-	dump_key("Using key:", &peer->local.commitkey);
+	log_debug_struct(peer->log, "Creating sig for %s",
+			 struct bitcoin_tx, peer->remote.commit->tx);
+	log_add_struct(peer->log, " using key %s",
+		       struct pubkey, &peer->local.commitkey);
 
 	peer->remote.commit->sig = tal(peer->remote.commit,
 				     struct bitcoin_signature);
@@ -281,7 +269,7 @@ void queue_pkt_commit(struct peer *peer)
 	 * changes except unacked fee changes to the remote commitment
 	 * before generating `sig`. */
 	ci->cstate = copy_cstate(ci, peer->remote.staging_cstate);
-	ci->tx = create_commit_tx(ci,
+	ci->tx = create_commit_tx(ci, peer->dstate->secpctx,
 				  &peer->local.finalkey,
 				  &peer->remote.finalkey,
 				  &peer->local.locktime,
@@ -445,7 +433,8 @@ void queue_pkt_close_clearing(struct peer *peer)
 	CloseClearing *c = tal(peer, CloseClearing);
 
 	close_clearing__init(c);
-	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_single(c, &peer->local.finalkey);
+	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_single(c, peer->dstate->secpctx,
+					     &peer->local.finalkey);
 	peer->closing.our_script = scriptpubkey_p2sh(peer, redeemscript);
 
 	c->scriptpubkey.data = tal_dup_arr(c, u8,
@@ -526,7 +515,8 @@ Pkt *accept_pkt_open(struct peer *peer, const Pkt *pkt)
 
 	/* Witness script for anchor. */
 	peer->anchor.witnessscript
-		= bitcoin_redeem_2of2(peer, &peer->local.commitkey,
+		= bitcoin_redeem_2of2(peer, peer->dstate->secpctx,
+				      &peer->local.commitkey,
 				      &peer->remote.commitkey);
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -769,7 +759,7 @@ Pkt *accept_pkt_commit(struct peer *peer, const Pkt *pkt)
 	 */
 	/* (We already applied them to staging_cstate as we went) */
 	ci->cstate = copy_cstate(ci, peer->local.staging_cstate);
-	ci->tx = create_commit_tx(ci,
+	ci->tx = create_commit_tx(ci, peer->dstate->secpctx,
 				  &peer->local.finalkey,
 				  &peer->remote.finalkey,
 				  &peer->local.locktime,
diff --git a/daemon/peer.c b/daemon/peer.c
index 3aaa9de3d..4ccce98ad 100644
--- a/daemon/peer.c
+++ b/daemon/peer.c
@@ -416,6 +416,7 @@ static void peer_start_clearing(struct peer *peer)
 	/* If they started close, we might not have sent ours. */
 	if (!peer->closing.our_script) {
 		u8 *redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_single(peer,
+							 peer->dstate->secpctx,
 							 &peer->local.finalkey);
 
 		peer->closing.our_script = scriptpubkey_p2sh(peer, redeemscript);
@@ -586,6 +587,7 @@ static const struct bitcoin_tx *htlc_fulfill_tx(const struct peer *peer,
 	assert(htlc->r);
 
 	wscript = bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(peer,
+					   peer->dstate->secpctx,
 					   &peer->local.finalkey,
 					   &peer->remote.finalkey,
 					   &htlc->expiry,
@@ -602,7 +604,9 @@ static const struct bitcoin_tx *htlc_fulfill_tx(const struct peer *peer,
 	/* Using a new output address here would be useless: they can tell
 	 * it's their HTLC, and that we collected it via rval. */
 	tx->output[0].script = scriptpubkey_p2sh(tx,
-				 bitcoin_redeem_single(tx, &peer->local.finalkey));
+				 bitcoin_redeem_single(tx,
+						       peer->dstate->secpctx,
+						       &peer->local.finalkey));
 	tx->output[0].script_length = tal_count(tx->output[0].script);
 
 	log_debug(peer->log, "Pre-witness txlen = %zu\n",
@@ -1404,6 +1408,7 @@ static const struct bitcoin_tx *htlc_timeout_tx(const struct peer *peer,
 	htlc = htlc_by_index(ci, i);
 
 	wscript = bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(peer,
+					   peer->dstate->secpctx,
 					   &peer->local.finalkey,
 					   &peer->remote.finalkey,
 					   &htlc->expiry,
@@ -1422,7 +1427,9 @@ static const struct bitcoin_tx *htlc_timeout_tx(const struct peer *peer,
 	/* Using a new output address here would be useless: they can tell
 	 * it's our HTLC, and that we collected it via timeout. */
 	tx->output[0].script = scriptpubkey_p2sh(tx,
-				 bitcoin_redeem_single(tx, &peer->local.finalkey));
+				 bitcoin_redeem_single(tx,
+						       peer->dstate->secpctx,
+						       &peer->local.finalkey));
 	tx->output[0].script_length = tal_count(tx->output[0].script);
 
 	log_unusual(peer->log, "Pre-witness txlen = %zu\n",
@@ -1550,6 +1557,7 @@ static void resolve_cheating(struct peer *peer)
 		peer->closing_onchain.resolved[0] = steal_tx;
 		wscripts[n++]
 			= bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(wscripts,
+							 peer->dstate->secpctx,
 							 &peer->remote.finalkey,
 							 &peer->local.locktime,
 							 &peer->local.finalkey,
@@ -1570,6 +1578,7 @@ static void resolve_cheating(struct peer *peer)
 		if (!htlc_is_ours(ci, i)) {
 			wscripts[n]
 				= bitcoin_redeem_htlc_send(wscripts,
+							   peer->dstate->secpctx,
 							   &peer->remote.finalkey,
 							   &peer->local.finalkey,
 							   &h->expiry,
@@ -1579,6 +1588,7 @@ static void resolve_cheating(struct peer *peer)
 		} else {
 			wscripts[n]
 				= bitcoin_redeem_htlc_recv(wscripts,
+							   peer->dstate->secpctx,
 							   &peer->remote.finalkey,
 							   &peer->local.finalkey,
 							   &h->expiry,
@@ -2291,14 +2301,12 @@ struct bitcoin_tx *peer_create_close_tx(struct peer *peer, u64 fee)
 	}
 
 	log_debug(peer->log,
-		  "creating close-tx with fee %"PRIu64": to %02x%02x%02x%02x/%02x%02x%02x%02x, amounts %u/%u",
+		  "creating close-tx with fee %"PRIu64" amounts %u/%u to ",
 		  fee,
-		  peer->local.finalkey.der[0], peer->local.finalkey.der[1],
-		  peer->local.finalkey.der[2], peer->local.finalkey.der[3],
-		  peer->remote.finalkey.der[0], peer->remote.finalkey.der[1],
-		  peer->remote.finalkey.der[2], peer->remote.finalkey.der[3],
 		  cstate.side[OURS].pay_msat / 1000,
 		  cstate.side[THEIRS].pay_msat / 1000);
+	log_add_struct(peer->log, "%s", struct pubkey, &peer->local.finalkey);
+	log_add_struct(peer->log, "/%s", struct pubkey, &peer->remote.finalkey);
 
  	return create_close_tx(peer->dstate->secpctx, peer,
 			       peer->closing.our_script,
@@ -2396,6 +2404,7 @@ const struct bitcoin_tx *bitcoin_spend_ours(struct peer *peer)
 
 	/* The redeemscript for a commit tx is fairly complex. */
 	witnessscript = bitcoin_redeem_secret_or_delay(peer,
+						       peer->dstate->secpctx,
 						      &peer->local.finalkey,
 						      &peer->remote.locktime,
 						      &peer->remote.finalkey,
@@ -2411,7 +2420,9 @@ const struct bitcoin_tx *bitcoin_spend_ours(struct peer *peer)
 				      &commit->output[p2wsh_out].amount);
 
 	tx->output[0].script = scriptpubkey_p2sh(tx,
-				 bitcoin_redeem_single(tx, &peer->local.finalkey));
+				 bitcoin_redeem_single(tx,
+						       peer->dstate->secpctx,
+						       &peer->local.finalkey));
 	tx->output[0].script_length = tal_count(tx->output[0].script);
 
 	/* Witness length can vary, due to DER encoding of sigs, but we
@@ -2787,6 +2798,7 @@ bool setup_first_commit(struct peer *peer)
         return false;
 
 	peer->local.commit->tx = create_commit_tx(peer->local.commit,
+						  peer->dstate->secpctx,
 						  &peer->local.finalkey,
 						  &peer->remote.finalkey,
 						  &peer->local.locktime,
@@ -2800,6 +2812,7 @@ bool setup_first_commit(struct peer *peer)
 						  &peer->local.commit->map);
 
 	peer->remote.commit->tx = create_commit_tx(peer->remote.commit,
+						   peer->dstate->secpctx,
 						   &peer->local.finalkey,
 						   &peer->remote.finalkey,
 						   &peer->local.locktime,
@@ -2830,6 +2843,17 @@ static void json_add_abstime(struct json_result *response,
 	json_object_end(response);
 }
 
+static void json_add_pubkey(struct json_result *response,
+			    secp256k1_context *secpctx,
+			    const char *id,
+			    const struct pubkey *key)
+{
+	u8 der[PUBKEY_DER_LEN];
+
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, der, key);
+	json_add_hex(response, id, der, sizeof(der));
+}
+
 static void json_add_htlcs(struct json_result *response,
 			   const char *id,
 			   const struct channel_oneside *side)
@@ -2869,8 +2893,8 @@ static void json_getpeers(struct command *cmd,
 
 		/* This is only valid after crypto setup. */
 		if (p->state != STATE_INIT)
-			json_add_hex(response, "peerid",
-				     p->id.der, sizeof(p->id.der));
+			json_add_pubkey(response, cmd->dstate->secpctx,
+					"peerid", &p->id);
 
 		json_add_bool(response, "connected", p->conn && !p->fake_close);
 
diff --git a/daemon/wallet.c b/daemon/wallet.c
index f26bc5cf4..27142b527 100644
--- a/daemon/wallet.c
+++ b/daemon/wallet.c
@@ -40,12 +40,13 @@ void wallet_add_signed_input(struct lightningd_state *dstate,
 	struct bitcoin_signature sig;
 	assert(input_num < tx->input_count);
 
-	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(tx, &w->pubkey);
+	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(tx, dstate->secpctx, &w->pubkey);
 
 	sig.stype = SIGHASH_ALL;
 	sign_tx_input(dstate->secpctx, tx, input_num,
 		      redeemscript, tal_count(redeemscript),
-		      p2wpkh_scriptcode(redeemscript, &w->pubkey),
+		      p2wpkh_scriptcode(redeemscript, dstate->secpctx,
+					&w->pubkey),
 		      &w->privkey,
 		      &w->pubkey,
 		      &sig.sig);
@@ -83,7 +84,8 @@ static void json_newaddr(struct command *cmd,
 	struct sha256 h;
 
 	new_keypair(cmd->dstate, &w->privkey, &w->pubkey);
-	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(cmd, &w->pubkey);
+	redeemscript = bitcoin_redeem_p2wpkh(cmd, cmd->dstate->secpctx,
+					     &w->pubkey);
 	sha256(&h, redeemscript, tal_count(redeemscript));
 	ripemd160(&w->p2sh, h.u.u8, sizeof(h));
 
diff --git a/protobuf_convert.c b/protobuf_convert.c
index 8c621a26c..223f20319 100644
--- a/protobuf_convert.c
+++ b/protobuf_convert.c
@@ -48,14 +48,12 @@ BitcoinPubkey *pubkey_to_proto(const tal_t *ctx,
 			       const struct pubkey *key)
 {
 	BitcoinPubkey *p = tal(ctx, BitcoinPubkey);
-	struct pubkey check;
 
 	bitcoin_pubkey__init(p);
-	p->key.len = sizeof(key->der);
-	p->key.data = tal_dup_arr(p, u8, key->der, p->key.len, 0);
+	p->key.len = PUBKEY_DER_LEN;
+	p->key.data = tal_arr(p, u8, p->key.len);
 
-	assert(pubkey_from_der(secpctx, p->key.data, p->key.len, &check));
-	assert(pubkey_eq(&check, key));
+	pubkey_to_der(secpctx, p->key.data, key);
 
 	return p;
 }