82 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Dave Kerr
1225053274 Merge pull request #445 from dwmkerr/release-please--branches--main
chore(main): release 0.3.0
2025-03-31 09:40:38 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
f65bb28e58 chore(main): release 0.3.0 2025-03-31 08:40:21 +00:00
Dave Kerr
dcdcfdfc25 feat: add Koomey's Law
Adds Koomey's Law, including its definition, history, and relationship to Moore's Law and Dennard Scaling.
2025-03-31 09:39:34 +01:00
Dave Kerr
7cd48102cb Merge pull request #443 from dwmkerr/release-please--branches--main
chore(main): release 0.2.1
2025-03-31 08:30:31 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
46148724e2 chore(main): release 0.2.1 2025-03-31 07:28:31 +00:00
Dave Kerr
2140429b95 fix: remove frontmatter 2025-03-31 08:27:42 +01:00
Dave Kerr
32d95692c6 Merge pull request #442 from dwmkerr/release-please--branches--main
chore(main): release 0.2.0
2025-03-31 08:15:19 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
a337004e69 chore(main): release 0.2.0 2025-03-31 07:14:33 +00:00
Dave Kerr
a6ae7d8189 Merge branch 'main' of github.com:dwmkerr/hacker-laws 2025-03-31 08:13:36 +01:00
Dave Kerr
59465379dd Merge branch 'main' of github.com:dwmkerr/hacker-laws 2025-03-31 08:13:28 +01:00
Dave Kerr
f5cf372f03 Merge branch 'main' of github.com:dwmkerr/hacker-laws 2025-03-31 08:10:38 +01:00
Dave Kerr
c1c7f013e7 build: testing new build 2025-03-31 08:10:24 +01:00
Dave Kerr
5690da764c Update README.md 2025-03-30 21:04:35 +01:00
Dave Kerr
d6a7d4eac3 Merge pull request #439 from dwmkerr/staging
docs: the bitter lesson
2025-03-28 10:56:28 +00:00
Dave Kerr
8e99eb1643 docs: cleanup 'the bitter lesson' 2025-03-28 10:29:47 +00:00
Dave Kerr
c535f12797 Merge pull request #418 from Ghost---Shadow/the-bitter-lesson
The Bitter Lesson
2025-03-28 10:04:26 +00:00
Dave Kerr
0ed571cae0 Merge branch 'staging' into the-bitter-lesson 2025-03-28 10:03:58 +00:00
Dave Kerr
d83d439df8 fix: correct formatting around quote 2025-03-17 15:35:53 +00:00
Dave Kerr
6f9b1e3334 fix: correct facebook link on website 2025-03-17 10:53:23 +00:00
Dave Kerr
a35ebb9c2e Merge branch 'main' of github.com:caretak3r/hacker-laws into caretak3r-main 2025-03-17 10:39:49 +00:00
Dave Kerr
bbb716064f chore: delete stale file 2025-03-17 10:29:15 +00:00
Dave Kerr
39506a03e6 docs: fix link 2025-03-14 15:50:27 +00:00
Dave Kerr
0de2035d52 docs: cleanup heading 2025-03-14 11:02:11 +00:00
Dave Kerr
3075d4c9b6 Merge pull request #437 from dwmkerr/chore/cleanup
chore: cleanup
2025-03-11 11:01:15 +00:00
Dave Kerr
3f730a8538 fix 2025-03-11 11:00:46 +00:00
Dave Kerr
4d795efb0c fix 2025-03-11 10:56:01 +00:00
Dave Kerr
b8cac9c4af fix 2025-03-11 10:51:56 +00:00
Dave Kerr
558f24ad63 fix 2025-03-11 10:47:35 +00:00
Dave Kerr
63adb0a350 test 2025-03-11 10:33:48 +00:00
Dave Kerr
dd36c58ef4 fix button 2025-03-11 10:32:48 +00:00
Dave Kerr
711327b632 fix build 2025-03-11 10:29:42 +00:00
Dave Kerr
0a56479bd9 chore: more fixes 2025-03-10 15:08:18 +00:00
Dave Kerr
692b7cca1a fix: image paths 2025-03-10 12:34:12 +00:00
Dave Kerr
0d001f14e1 wip: looking better, almost ready for final cleanup 2025-03-10 12:28:45 +00:00
Dave Kerr
67c135701f chore: slightly better markdown 2025-03-10 08:42:48 +00:00
Dave Kerr
8bac32a000 chore: build a little better... 2025-03-09 07:43:56 +00:00
Dave Kerr
8142ce0a9f chore: interim 2025-03-09 07:41:31 +00:00
Dave Kerr
5e1cfb7608 chore: wip on site build 2025-03-09 07:20:19 +00:00
Dave Kerr
f810c81da2 chore: working on template 2025-03-09 06:52:35 +00:00
Dave Kerr
280ad8d45c refactor: single heading / laws + principles 2025-03-08 21:29:27 +00:00
Dave Kerr
beb3d57a6a feat(pages): update index.html and pages.yaml for deployment
Updated the index.html to include a full HTML structure with Bootstrap
and Google tag. Modified pages.yaml to deploy from 'build/pages' branch
instead of the default branch.
2025-03-08 21:22:41 +00:00
Dave Kerr
decfccdfbc Merge pull request #435 from dwmkerr/build/test-pages
build: test github pages
2025-03-08 20:47:59 +00:00
Dave Kerr
6d904cd9d7 build: test github pages 2025-03-08 20:46:45 +00:00
Dave Kerr
44779074ca feat: 90-90 rule 2025-02-26 14:17:26 +00:00
Dave Kerr
593fbcbba4 Merge pull request #391 from gurjeet/patch-1
Added Ninety–Ninety Rule
2025-02-26 12:05:25 +00:00
Dave Kerr
85112d267f Merge branch 'staging' into patch-1 2025-02-26 12:05:00 +00:00
Dave Kerr
9ff8039a43 Merge branch 'marcosValle-patch-1' 2025-02-17 16:46:26 +00:00
Dave Kerr
b9ad4c6f99 feat: twyman's law
Merge branch 'patch-1' of github.com:marcosValle/hacker-laws into marcosValle-patch-1
2025-02-17 16:45:35 +00:00
Dave Kerr
4adcc2a090 docs: fix casing 2025-02-11 12:10:19 +00:00
Dave Kerr
eb34ea9a67 docs: minor tweaks to The Ringelmann Effect 2025-02-11 12:07:48 +00:00
Dave Kerr
ae17de2b67 Merge pull request #369 from hliyan/main
Added Ringelmann effect
2025-02-11 12:04:01 +00:00
Dave Kerr
31d14b7deb Merge branch 'main' into main 2025-02-11 12:03:53 +00:00
Dave Kerr
dfc978df13 docs: clean up IPO title 2025-02-04 15:05:26 +00:00
Dave Kerr
8dc1baa919 Merge pull request #432 from dwmkerr/staging
staging
2025-02-04 15:03:45 +00:00
Dave Kerr
d66d8afae4 docs: input process output 2025-02-04 15:02:21 +00:00
Dave Kerr
82af717edd Merge pull request #304 from guettli/patch-1
Added input-processing-output
2025-02-04 14:50:31 +00:00
Dave Kerr
5fd0a88927 Merge pull request #427 from MEgooneh/patch-1
Adding Persian to Translation section
2025-01-02 07:23:41 +00:00
MEGAGON
34a7131aef Fixing order of local and global languages 2025-01-02 02:30:40 +03:30
MEGAGON
3ce9be6081 Adding Persian to Translation section 2025-01-02 02:25:01 +03:30
Dave Kerr
01402ca31d Merge pull request #425 from JohnbelMDev/patch-1
Update prepare-markdown-for-ebook.sh
2024-11-14 20:01:29 +11:00
Johnbel Mahautiere
69856f7ab2 Update prepare-markdown-for-ebook.sh
Occurrences updata
2024-11-12 10:20:01 -05:00
Souradeep Nanda
a97981e735 Add twitter handle of author 2024-06-12 10:29:07 -05:00
Souradeep Nanda
2ce26c0576 The Bitter Lesson 2024-06-12 10:25:47 -05:00
Dave Kerr
274c008a0a Merge pull request #415 from emmanuelbernard/patch-1
Minor French typo
2024-01-31 13:08:25 +01:00
Emmanuel Bernard
96bf4635e5 Minor French typo 2024-01-30 16:05:54 +01:00
Dave Kerr
1d0a24e547 Merge pull request #412 from akbarali1/main-1
Fix WikiWiki web
2023-08-08 20:54:35 -07:00
Akbarali
8c3de66940 Update README.md 2023-08-06 17:15:58 +05:00
Dave Kerr
5412cfbde3 Merge pull request #408 from GGuinea/navigation_polish_translation
Fix navigation for polish translation.
2023-05-28 08:00:11 -07:00
Gguinea
3adb816f30 Fix navigation for polish translation. 2023-05-27 22:58:21 +02:00
Dave Kerr
2116b5cbd6 Merge pull request #407 from GGuinea/solidny_acrocym_doesn_not_exists 2023-05-26 11:09:02 -07:00
Gguinea
560ff0d9f1 SOLID acronym cannot be translated 2023-05-26 18:17:34 +02:00
Dave Kerr
c03384f370 Merge pull request #406 from tobiasbueschel/patch-1
Update small spelling mistake in .github/workflows
2023-04-05 11:31:08 -04:00
Tobias Büschel
c0ec1b5fdb Update small spelling mistake in .github/workflows 2023-04-05 22:10:46 +08:00
Dave Kerr
4be482731b Merge pull request #404 from dwmkerr/feat/principle-of-least-astonishment
feat: principle of least astonishment
2023-03-10 11:10:41 +08:00
Dave Kerr
9bd03d8345 Update README.md 2023-03-10 16:10:24 +13:00
caretak3r
5f74607c63 feat: add section for Kerckhoff's principle 2022-09-28 16:43:05 -04:00
Gurjeet Singh
722d79619c Added Ninety–Ninety Rule 2022-05-01 08:59:35 -07:00
Marcos Valle
f9ff7d844d Add Twyman's rule for data analysis 2022-02-13 17:39:00 +01:00
Hasitha N. Liyanage
ff00ccc5c3 Update README.md 2022-01-08 20:10:16 +05:30
Hasitha N. Liyanage
269991a7cf Update README.md 2022-01-08 19:54:27 +05:30
Hasitha N. Liyanage
0baacdbdcc Update README.md 2022-01-08 19:52:15 +05:30
Thomas Güttler
e96ae13977 Added input-processing-output 2020-08-05 17:25:13 +02:00
29 changed files with 1787 additions and 377 deletions

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# Changelog
## [0.3.0](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/compare/v0.2.1...v0.3.0) (2025-03-31)
### Features
* add Koomey's Law ([dcdcfdf](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/dcdcfdfc25ee121b6bcb931a71e185fa7ffeedcd))
## [0.2.1](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/compare/v0.2.0...v0.2.1) (2025-03-31)
### Bug Fixes
* remove frontmatter ([2140429](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/2140429b959a8284b452c3fa05e1c9fd03e5ebab))
## [0.2.0](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/compare/v0.1.0...v0.2.0) (2025-03-31)
### Features
* 90-90 rule ([4477907](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/44779074caa6495198214100e5bd0a886cc1e680))
* add section for Kerckhoff's principle ([5f74607](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/5f74607c63d3a76009ec0546ba515f8f7c1d3864))
* add ukranian language to README ([#320](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues/320)) ([015d251](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/015d25197f808d66c4dfebcdd0b54675af6a3eae)), closes [#236](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues/236)
* Dunning Kruger Effect ([3dbc237](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/3dbc237c1f1c59e809969320cc0ae4347a4b45c3))
* Dunning-Kruger Effect ([#318](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues/318)) ([34c38d8](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/34c38d87edba4b0e36d2ad9488b97d0c77f9b550))
* **pages:** update index.html and pages.yaml for deployment ([beb3d57](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/beb3d57a6a5a3a38aa9e692ed13eb01060b85ded))
* principle of least astonishment ([4be4827](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/4be482731b6a6009453af7d303d3cd2470a2e73e))
* principle of least astonishment ([e4662cb](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/e4662cbc27d04fb968220837633034420b7fb11a))
* the scout rule ([716aef8](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/716aef807e758bd8df976f323089db525da9f708))
* the scout rule ([c6fccf4](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/c6fccf4978d9483637fba8c7887127abad3de581)), closes [#144](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues/144)
* twyman's law ([b9ad4c6](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/b9ad4c6f99f991a1bda9a2cfdddef62787e6ae82))
### Bug Fixes
* correct facebook link on website ([6f9b1e3](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/6f9b1e33345bc1332428f0fba8c7aa2900147500))
* correct formatting around quote ([d83d439](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/d83d439df89e8af50ae53bafa3a791f8d92a6991))
* Fix section's links ([#317](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues/317)) ([7b341fc](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/7b341fc0d205f076e25ff8fedb972e652201c3c6))
* image paths ([692b7cc](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/692b7cca1a97eb62384db170297b504f51ea408e))
* remove superfluous 'is' ([3b78ae6](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/commit/3b78ae65f02fca457bb8adbf113135e1ed042a46))

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<!-- vim-markdown-toc GFM -->
* [Goal of the Project](#goal-of-the-project)
* [Example Law: The Law of Leaky Abstractions](#example-law-the-law-of-leaky-abstractions)
* [Translations](#translations)
* [How do I know if a law is relevant?](#how-do-i-know-if-a-law-is-relevant)
* [How do I know if a law is 'well known' enough?](#how-do-i-know-if-a-law-is-well-known-enough)
* [Use of Images](#use-of-images)
- [Goal of the Project](#goal-of-the-project)
- [Example Law: The Law of Leaky Abstractions](#example-law-the-law-of-leaky-abstractions)
- [Translations](#translations)
- [How do I know if a law is relevant?](#how-do-i-know-if-a-law-is-relevant)
- [How do I know if a law is 'well known' enough?](#how-do-i-know-if-a-law-is-well-known-enough)
- [Use of Images](#use-of-images)
- [Developer Guide](#developer-guide)
<!-- vim-markdown-toc -->
@@ -87,3 +88,18 @@ A good test is 'If I search for it on Google, will I find it in the first few re
## Use of Images
Please make sure to attribute images properly if you are referencing them. Also, include a white background, as some viewers will be viewing the site in 'Dark Mode' which can make images with a transparent background difficult to read.
## Developer Guide
Where possible, anything which is not the core `README.md` file is kept in the `.github/` folder to keep the landing page for the repository as clean as possible.
To use the makefile, pass its path explicitly, e.g:
```bash
make -f .github/makefile
```
Or create an alias:
```bash
alias hlmake="make -f .github/makefile"

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default: help
.PHONY: help
help: # Show help for each of the Makefile recipes.
@grep -E '^[a-zA-Z0-9 -]+:.*#' Makefile | sort | while read -r l; do printf "\033[1;32m$$(echo $$l | cut -f 1 -d':')\033[00m:$$(echo $$l | cut -f 2- -d'#')\n"; done
.PHONY: prepare-markdown
prepare-markdown: # Prepare the markdown for PDF output.
./scripts/prepare-markdown-for-ebook.sh "README.md" "hacker-laws.md"
.PHONY: create-pdf
create-pdf: # Create the PDF.
docker run --rm \
--platform linux/amd64 \
-v ${PWD}:/data \
pandoc/latex:3.6 \
-V toc-title:"Table Of Contents" \
--toc \
--pdf-engine=lualatex \
--standalone \
--output hacker-laws.pdf \
hacker-laws.md

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{
"release-type": "simple",
"bump-minor-pre-major": true,
"packages": {
".": {
"release-type": "simple",
"extra-files": [
{
"type": "generic",
"path": "README.md"
}
],
"changelog-path": ".github/CHANGELOG.md"
}
}
}

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.github/release-please-manifest.json vendored Normal file
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{
".": "0.3.0"
}

0
.github/website/backup/ideas.md vendored Normal file
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Hacker Laws</title>
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<!-- Bootstrap Icons -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.10.5/font/bootstrap-icons.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<style>
/* Soft pastel parchment background */
body {
background-color: #fdf6e3;
color: #333;
padding-top: 70px; /* to account for sticky navbar */
}
/* Navbar customization */
.navbar-custom {
background-color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
/* Header styling */
header h1 {
font-size: 2.5rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
header p.lead {
font-size: 1.25rem;
color: #555;
}
/* Law section container */
.law-section {
margin-bottom: 2rem;
padding: 1.5rem;
background-color: #fff;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
/* Social sharing icons */
.social-sharing a {
margin-right: 0.75rem;
font-size: 1.2rem;
color: #555;
text-decoration: none;
}
.social-sharing a:hover {
color: #000;
}
/* Back to top link styling */
.back-to-top a {
font-size: 0.9rem;
text-decoration: none;
color: #007bff;
}
.back-to-top a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>
</head>
<body id="top">
<!-- Sticky Navbar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-custom fixed-top">
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand fw-bold" href="#top">Hacker Laws</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navMenu" aria-controls="navMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navMenu">
<ul class="navbar-nav me-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-book"></i> Effective Shell</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-cup"></i> Sponsor</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-brain"></i> Terminal AI</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-github"></i> GitHub</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- Page Header -->
<header class="container my-4">
<h1>Hacker Laws</h1>
<p class="lead">Laws, Theories, Principles and Patterns that developers will find useful.</p>
</header>
<!-- Main Content -->
<main class="container">
<!-- Introduction Section -->
<section id="introduction" class="law-section">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>There are lots of laws which people discuss when talking about development. This repository is a reference and overview of some of the most common ones. Please share and submit PRs!</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This repo contains an explanation of some laws, principles and patterns, but does not <em>advocate</em> for any of them. Whether they should be applied will always be a matter of debate, and greatly dependent on what you are working on.</p>
<!-- Social Sharing Icons -->
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="#" title="Share on Twitter"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
<!-- Back to Top Options (choose one) -->
<div class="back-to-top mt-2">
<a href="#top">↑ Top</a>
<!-- Alternative options:
<a href="#top">Back to Top</a>
<a href="#top">Return to Top</a>
<a href="#top">Go Up</a>
<a href="#top">Scroll Up</a>
-->
</div>
</section>
<!-- 9091 Principle (1% Rule) Section -->
<section id="9091-principle" class="law-section">
<h2>9091 Principle (1% Rule)</h2>
<p>The 90-9-1 principle suggests that within an internet community such as a wiki, 90% of participants only consume content, 9% edit or modify content and 1% of participants add content.</p>
<p>Real-world examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>A 2014 study of four digital health social networks found the top 1% created 73% of posts, the next 9% accounted for an average of ~25% and the remaining 90% accounted for an average of 2%.</li>
</ul>
<p>See Also: <a href="#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule">Pareto Principle</a></p>
<!-- Social Sharing Icons -->
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="#" title="Share on Twitter"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
<!-- Back to Top Options -->
<div class="back-to-top mt-2">
<a href="#top">↑ Top</a>
</div>
</section>
<!-- 9090 Rule Section -->
<section id="9090-rule" class="law-section">
<h2>9090 Rule</h2>
<p>The first 90 percent of the code accounts for the first 90 percent of the development time. The remaining 10 percent of the code accounts for the other 90 percent of the development time.</p>
<p>This is a wry reinterpretation of the <a href="#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule">Pareto Principle</a> (or 80-20 rule) that highlights the real-world challenges of completing engineering work. This sentiment is also echoed in <a href="#hofstadters-law">Hofstadter's Law</a>.</p>
<!-- Social Sharing Icons -->
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="#" title="Share on Twitter"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
<!-- Back to Top Options -->
<div class="back-to-top mt-2">
<a href="#top">↑ Top</a>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Additional law sections would follow the same structure -->
</main>
<!-- Footer -->
<footer class="container text-center my-4">
<p>&copy; 2025 Hacker Laws</p>
</footer>
<!-- Bootstrap Bundle with Popper -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
<script>
// Optional: Smooth scrolling for in-page links
document.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]').forEach(anchor => {
anchor.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
const targetElem = document.querySelector(this.getAttribute('href'));
if (targetElem) {
targetElem.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Hacker Laws</title>
<!-- Google Font for elegant serif fonts -->
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Baskerville:wght@400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<!-- Bootstrap Icons -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.10.5/font/bootstrap-icons.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<style>
/* Use an elegant serif font and a clean, minimal palette */
body {
font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', Georgia, serif;
background-color: #fff;
color: #333;
padding-top: 70px; /* account for sticky navbar */
}
.container {
max-width: 800px;
}
/* Simplified Navbar */
.navbar-custom {
background-color: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}
.navbar-brand,
.nav-link {
font-weight: 700;
}
/* Centered, minimal header */
header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
header h1 {
font-size: 2.5rem;
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
header p.lead {
font-size: 1.25rem;
color: #555;
}
/* Law section styling: simple borders instead of shadows */
.law-section {
margin-bottom: 2rem;
padding: 1.5rem;
background-color: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}
/* Social sharing icons remain the same */
.social-sharing a {
margin-right: 0.75rem;
font-size: 1.2rem;
color: #555;
text-decoration: none;
}
.social-sharing a:hover {
color: #000;
}
/* Back to top link styling */
.back-to-top a {
font-size: 0.9rem;
text-decoration: none;
color: #007bff;
}
.back-to-top a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>
</head>
<body id="top">
<!-- Sticky Navbar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-custom fixed-top">
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#top">Hacker Laws</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navMenu" aria-controls="navMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navMenu">
<ul class="navbar-nav me-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-book"></i> Effective Shell</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-cup"></i> Sponsor</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-brain"></i> Terminal AI</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"><i class="bi bi-github"></i> GitHub</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- Page Header -->
<header class="container my-4">
<h1>Hacker Laws</h1>
<p class="lead">Laws, Theories, Principles and Patterns that developers will find useful.</p>
</header>
<!-- Main Content -->
<main class="container">
<!-- Introduction Section -->
<section id="introduction" class="law-section">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>There are lots of laws which people discuss when talking about development. This repository is a reference and overview of some of the most common ones. Please share and submit PRs!</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This repo contains an explanation of some laws, principles and patterns, but does not <em>advocate</em> for any of them. Whether they should be applied will always be a matter of debate, and greatly dependent on what you are working on.</p>
<!-- Social Sharing Icons -->
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="#" title="Share on Twitter"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
<!-- Back to Top -->
<div class="back-to-top mt-2">
<a href="#top">↑ Top</a>
</div>
</section>
<!-- 9091 Principle (1% Rule) Section -->
<section id="9091-principle" class="law-section">
<h2>9091 Principle (1% Rule)</h2>
<p>The 90-9-1 principle suggests that within an internet community such as a wiki, 90% of participants only consume content, 9% edit or modify content and 1% of participants add content.</p>
<p>Real-world examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>A 2014 study of four digital health social networks found the top 1% created 73% of posts, the next 9% accounted for an average of ~25% and the remaining 90% accounted for an average of 2%.</li>
</ul>
<p>See Also: <a href="#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule">Pareto Principle</a></p>
<!-- Social Sharing Icons -->
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="#" title="Share on Twitter"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
<!-- Back to Top -->
<div class="back-to-top mt-2">
<a href="#top">↑ Top</a>
</div>
</section>
<!-- 9090 Rule Section -->
<section id="9090-rule" class="law-section">
<h2>9090 Rule</h2>
<p>The first 90 percent of the code accounts for the first 90 percent of the development time. The remaining 10 percent of the code accounts for the other 90 percent of the development time.</p>
<p>This is a wry reinterpretation of the <a href="#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule">Pareto Principle</a> (or 80-20 rule) that highlights the real-world challenges of completing engineering work. This sentiment is also echoed in <a href="#hofstadters-law">Hofstadter's Law</a>.</p>
<!-- Social Sharing Icons -->
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="#" title="Share on Twitter"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on Facebook"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
<!-- Back to Top -->
<div class="back-to-top mt-2">
<a href="#top">↑ Top</a>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<!-- Footer -->
<footer class="container text-center my-4">
<p>&copy; 2025 Hacker Laws</p>
</footer>
<!-- Bootstrap Bundle with Popper -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
<script>
// Smooth scrolling for in-page links
document.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]').forEach(anchor => {
anchor.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
const targetElem = document.querySelector(this.getAttribute('href'));
if (targetElem) {
targetElem.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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.github/website/backup/index4.html vendored Normal file
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.github/website/build/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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*

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.github/website/generate.py vendored Normal file
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"""Generate the Hacker Laws website from the Hacker Laws README"""
import argparse
import os
import shutil
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
import markdown
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def bisect_text(content: str, bisect_line: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
lines = content.splitlines()
head = []
tail = []
found = False
for line in lines:
if found is False and line == bisect_line:
found = True
continue
if found:
tail.append(line)
else:
head.append(line)
return ("\n".join(head), "\n".join(tail))
def load_template():
"""Load Jinja2 template from the specified directory."""
env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(TEMPLATE_DIR))
return env.get_template(TEMPLATE_FILE)
def prepare_markdown(path: str) -> str:
"""
Pre-process the README markdown by removing content we will not show in
the final website.
"""
# Load the markdown content.
with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
content = f.read()
return content
def parse_markdown(markdown_content: str):
(_, remains) = bisect_text(markdown_content, "---")
(links, remains) = bisect_text(remains, "---")
(_, content) = bisect_text(remains, "<!-- vim-markdown-toc -->")
md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=['toc'])
links = md.convert(links)
print(f"links: {links}")
md.convert(content)
toc = md.toc
markdown_sections = content.split("\n#") # Split by Markdown headings
sections = []
laws = []
for markdown_section in markdown_sections:
if markdown_section.strip():
lines = markdown_section.split("\n", 1)
title = lines[0].strip("# ").strip()
content = md.convert(lines[1] if len(lines) > 1 else "")
full_content = md.convert(markdown_section)
id = title.lower().replace(" ", "-")
laws.append({"title": title, "content": content, "id": id})
sections.append({
"title": title,
"content": content,
"id": id,
"full_content": full_content
})
return (links, toc, sections)
def extract_static_files(html_content, output_dir):
"""
Extract linked CSS, JS, and image files and copy them to the output
directory.
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")
files_to_copy = []
# Extract <link> stylesheets
for link in soup.find_all("link", href=True):
href = link["href"]
if not href.startswith(("http", "//")): # Ignore external links
files_to_copy.append(href)
# Extract <script> files
for script in soup.find_all("script", src=True):
src = script["src"]
if not src.startswith(("http", "//")):
files_to_copy.append(src)
# Extract <img> files
for img in soup.find_all("img", src=True):
src = img["src"]
if not src.startswith(("http", "//")):
files_to_copy.append(src)
# Copy files to the output directory
for file_path in files_to_copy:
src_path = os.path.join(TEMPLATE_DIR, file_path)
dest_path = os.path.join(output_dir, file_path)
if os.path.exists(src_path): # Ensure file exists before copying
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(dest_path), exist_ok=True)
shutil.copy2(src_path, dest_path)
print(f"📂 Copied: {src_path}{dest_path}")
else:
print(f"⚠️ Warning: Missing file {src_path} (skipping)")
return files_to_copy
def generate_site(markdown_content: str, output_dir: str):
"""Generate the static HTML file from Markdown and Jinja2 template."""
template = load_template()
(links, toc, sections) = parse_markdown(markdown_content)
# Ensure output directory exists
os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
# Render HTML
html_output = template.render(links=links, toc=toc, sections=sections)
# Save HTML to output directory
output_file = os.path.join(output_dir, "index.html")
with open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(html_output)
print(f"✅ Static site generated: {output_file}")
# Copy static files (CSS, JS, images)
extract_static_files(html_output, output_dir)
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Generate a static site from Markdown.")
parser.add_argument("-o", "--output-dir", default="build", help="Directory to save the generated site.")
args = parser.parse_args()
# Read environment variables with defaults
TEMPLATE_FILE = os.getenv("TEMPLATE_FILE", "template.html")
TEMPLATE_DIR = os.getenv("TEMPLATE_DIR", ".")
template_path = f"{TEMPLATE_DIR}/{TEMPLATE_FILE}"
markdown_path = os.getenv("MARKDOWN_FILE", "laws.md")
output_dir = args.output_dir
print(f"📝 Loading template from: {template_path}")
print(f"📖 Loading markdown from: {markdown_path}")
print(f"💾 Outputting files to: {output_dir}")
# First, extract that markdown that we want to process.
markdown_content = prepare_markdown(markdown_path)
# Generate the site from the markdown.
generate_site(markdown_content, args.output_dir)

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.github/website/makefile vendored Normal file
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SHELL := /bin/bash
TEMPLATE_DIR=src
TEMPLATE_FILE=index.html.jinja
MARKDOWN_FILE=../../README.md
OUTPUT_FILE=build/index.html
default: help
.PHONY: help
help: # Show help for each of the Makefile recipes.
@grep -E '^[a-zA-Z0-9 -]+:.*#' Makefile | sort | while read -r l; do printf "\033[1;32m$$(echo $$l | cut -f 1 -d':')\033[00m:$$(echo $$l | cut -f 2- -d'#')\n"; done
.PHONY: install
install: # 📦 install dependencies
@echo "📦 Installing dependencies..."
pip install -r requirements.txt
.PHONY: build
build: #🔨 building static site
@echo "🔨 Building static site..."
cp -rf ../../images ./build
TEMPLATE_FILE=$(TEMPLATE_FILE) MARKDOWN_FILE=$(MARKDOWN_FILE) OUTPUT_FILE=$(OUTPUT_FILE) TEMPLATE_DIR=$(TEMPLATE_DIR) \
python generate.py
.PHONY: serve
serve: # 🚀 start local server
@echo "🚀 Starting local server at http://localhost:8000..."
python3 -m http.server 8000
.PHONY: watch
watch: build # 👀 Watch for changes...
@echo "👀 Watching for changes..."
watchmedo shell-command --patterns="$(MARKDOWN_FILE);*.py;src/*" --command="make build" .
.PHONY: clean
clean: #🧹 Clean up generated files
@echo "🧹 Cleaning up generated files..."
rm -f $(OUTPUT)

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.github/website/requirements.txt vendored Normal file
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markdown
jinja2
watchdog
beautifulsoup4

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.github/website/src/favicon.svg vendored Normal file
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<svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 0C7.16 0 0 7.16 0 16C0 23.08 4.58 29.06 10.94 31.18C11.74 31.32 12.04 30.84 12.04 30.42C12.04 30.04 12.02 28.78 12.02 27.44C8 28.18 6.96 26.46 6.64 25.56C6.46 25.1 5.68 23.68 5 23.3C4.44 23 3.64 22.26 4.98 22.24C6.24 22.22 7.14 23.4 7.44 23.88C8.88 26.3 11.18 25.62 12.1 25.2C12.24 24.16 12.66 23.46 13.12 23.06C9.56 22.66 5.84 21.28 5.84 15.16C5.84 13.42 6.46 11.98 7.48 10.86C7.32 10.46 6.76 8.82 7.64 6.62C7.64 6.62 8.98 6.2 12.04 8.26C13.32 7.9 14.68 7.72 16.04 7.72C17.4 7.72 18.76 7.9 20.04 8.26C23.1 6.18 24.44 6.62 24.44 6.62C25.32 8.82 24.76 10.46 24.6 10.86C25.62 11.98 26.24 13.4 26.24 15.16C26.24 21.3 22.5 22.66 18.94 23.06C19.52 23.56 20.02 24.52 20.02 26.02C20.02 28.16 20 29.88 20 30.42C20 30.84 20.3 31.34 21.1 31.18C27.42 29.06 32 23.06 32 16C32 7.16 24.84 0 16 0V0Z" fill="#24292E"/>
</svg>

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 959 B

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Hacker Laws</title>
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RGJ5TDHWY9"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-RGJ5TDHWY9');
</script>
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
<!-- Google Fonts -->
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Baskerville:wght@400;700&family=Inter:wght@400;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<!-- Bootstrap Icons -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.10.5/font/bootstrap-icons.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body id="top">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg fixed-top bg-dark" data-bs-theme="dark">
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#top">Hacker Laws</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navMenu">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end" id="navMenu">
<ul class="navbar-nav me-auto">
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://effective-shell.com" target="_blank"><i class="bi bi-book"></i> Effective Shell</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://github.com/dwmkerr/terminal-ai" target="_blank"><i class="bi bi-terminal"></i> Terminal AI</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://github.com/sponsors/dwmkerr" target="_blank"><i class="bi bi-cup-hot"></i> Sponsor</a></li>
</ul>
<a href="https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws" target="_blank"><button class="btn btn-outline-light" type="submit"><i class="bi bi-github"></i> GitHub</button></a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<header class="container">
<h1>Hacker Laws</h1>
<p class="lead">Laws, Theories, Principles and Patterns that developers will find useful.</p>
</header>
<main class="container">
<!-- Quick links. -->
{{ links }}
<hr>
<!-- The table of contents. -->
{{ toc }}
<hr>
<!-- Each of the sections - most of which are laws. -->
{% for section in sections %}
<section id="{{ section.id }}" class="law-section">
{{ section.full_content | safe }}
<div class="social-sharing">
<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://hacker-laws.com/#{{ section.id}}?hashtags=example" title="Share on Twitter" target="_blank"><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://hacker-laws.com/&num;{{ section.id }}" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank"><i class="bi bi-facebook"></i></a>
</div>
</section>
{% endfor %}
</main>
<footer class="container text-center my-4">
<p>&copy; 2025 Hacker Laws</p>
</footer>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

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.github/website/src/script.js vendored Normal file
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$(document).ready(function() {
$("h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6").each(function() {
var $heading = $(this);
var headingId = $heading.attr("id") || $heading.text().trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, "-");
// Ensure a unique ID
$heading.attr("id", headingId);
// Create the anchor link
var $anchor = $('<a>')
.attr("href", "#" + headingId)
.addClass("header-link")
.html("#");
// Append to the heading
$heading.append($anchor);
});
// Bootstrap requires that blockquote elements have the 'blockquote' class.
$('blockquote').addClass('blockquote').addClass('.quote');
});

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.github/website/src/styles.css vendored Normal file
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html {
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
body {
font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
background-color: #fff;
color: #333;
padding-top: 70px;
}
.container {
max-width: 800px;
}
header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
padding: 2rem 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;
/* Avoid scrolling under the sticky header. */
scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}
blockquote {
font-style: italic;
}
.law-section {
margin-bottom: 2rem;
padding: 1.5rem;
background-color: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
position: relative;
}
.law-section h2 {
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.law-section h2 a.anchor {
text-decoration: none;
color: #999;
margin-left: 0.5rem;
visibility: hidden;
}
.law-section:hover h2 a.anchor {
visibility: visible;
}
.social-sharing a {
margin-right: 0.75rem;
font-size: 1.2rem;
color: #555;
text-decoration: none;
}
.social-sharing a:hover {
color: #000;
}
.back-to-top {
margin-top: 1rem;
}
/* Initially hide the hash link */
.header-link {
text-decoration: none;
margin-left: 12px; /* Increased left padding */
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.2s;
font-size: inherit; /* Matches the heading size */
}
/* Only show the hash when the whole section is hovered */
section:hover .header-link,
article:hover .header-link,
div:hover .header-link {
opacity: 1;
}

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# This pipeline builds the PDF ebook on any pull request to master.
name: "Build PDF"
on:
pull_request:
branches:
- master
jobs:
prepare-pdf:
# Focal Fossa. Please don't use 'latest' tags, it's an anti-pattern.
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
# Checkout the code.
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2
# Set a descriptive version. For PRs it'll be the short sha.
- name: Set Version
id: set_version
run: echo ::set-output name=VERSION::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
# Prepare the content files.
- name: Prepare Content
run: ./scripts/prepare-markdown-for-ebook.sh ${{ steps.set_version.outputs.VERSION }}
# Create a PDF from the prepared markdown.
- name: Prepare PDF
uses: docker://pandoc/latex:2.9
with:
args: "-V toc-title:\"Table Of Contents\" --toc --pdf-engine=pdflatex --standalone --output hacker-laws.pdf hacker-laws.md"
# Publish the PDF and intermediate markdown as an artifact.
- name: Publish PDF Artifact
uses: actions/upload-artifact@master
with:
name: hacker-laws.pdf
path: hacker-laws.pdf
- name: Publish Intermiediate Markdown Artifact
uses: actions/upload-artifact@master
with:
name: hacker-laws.md
path: hacker-laws.md

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.github/workflows/cicd.yaml vendored Normal file
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name: CI/CD
on:
push:
branches: [main]
pull_request:
workflow_dispatch:
# Permissions to check contents and open PR (release pleases) and update pages.
permissions:
contents: write
pull-requests: write
pages: write
id-token: write
jobs:
test-website-build:
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Test Website Build
run: |
cd .github/website
make install
make build
cp -r build/. '../pages'
ls -al "../pages"
release:
needs: test-website-build
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
outputs:
released: ${{ steps.release-please.outputs.release_created }}
tag: ${{ steps.release-please.outputs.tag_name }}
steps:
- uses: googleapis/release-please-action@v4
id: release-please
with:
manifest-file: .github/release-please-manifest.json
config-file: .github/release-please-config.json
release-pdf:
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
needs: release
if: ${{ needs.release.outputs.released }}
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Set a descriptive version. For PRs it'll be the short sha.
- name: Check Version
run: echo "${VERSION}"
env:
VERSION: ${{ needs.release.outputs.tag }}
# Set a descriptive version. For PRs it'll be the short sha.
- name: Prepare Markdown
run: |
# Set the env vars we use (version set for clarity).
export DATE=$(date +%F)
export VERSION="${VERSION}"
make -f .github/makefile prepare-markdown
env:
VERSION: ${{ needs.release.outputs.tag }}
# Create the PDF files.
- name: Create PDF
run: make -f .github/makefile create-pdf
# Publish the PDF and intermediate markdown as an artifact.
# - name: Publish PDF Artifact
# uses: actions/upload-artifact@3
# with:
# name: hacker-laws.pdf
# path: hacker-laws.pdf
- name: Attach assets to GitHub Release
env:
GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
run: |
gh release upload "${{ needs.release.outputs.tag }}" --clobber hacker-laws.pdf hacker-laws.md
deploy:
environment:
name: github-pages
url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Setup Pages
uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
- name: Build Website
run: |
cd .github/website
make install
make build
cp -r build/. '../pages'
ls -al "../pages"
- name: Upload artifact
uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
with:
path: './.github/pages'
- name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
id: deployment
uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

View File

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
# This pipeline builds the PDF ebook on any tag starting with 'v'.
name: "Create Release"
on:
push:
tags:
- 'v*'
jobs:
prepare-pdf:
# Focal Fossa. Please don't use 'latest' tags, it's an anti-pattern.
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
# Checkout the code.
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2
# Set a descriptive version. For PRs it'll be the short sha.
- name: Set Version
id: set_version
run: echo ::set-output name=VERSION::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}
# Prepare the content files.
- name: Prepare Content
run: ./scripts/prepare-markdown-for-ebook.sh ${{ steps.set_version.outputs.VERSION }}
# Create a PDF from the prepared markdown.
- name: Prepare PDF
uses: docker://pandoc/latex:2.9
with:
args: "-V toc-title:\"Table Of Contents\" --toc --pdf-engine=pdflatex --standalone --output hacker-laws.pdf hacker-laws.md"
# Publish the PDF artifact.
- name: Publish PDF Artifacts
uses: actions/upload-artifact@master
with:
name: hacker-laws.pdf
path: hacker-laws.pdf
release:
needs: prepare-pdf
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- name: Download artifact
uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
with:
name: hacker-laws.pdf
- name: Create Release
id: create-release
uses: actions/create-release@v1
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
with:
tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
release_name: ${{ github.ref }}
body: |
Hacker Laws E-Book
draft: false
prerelease: false
- name: Upload Release Asset
uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
with:
upload_url: ${{ steps.create-release.outputs.upload_url }}
asset_path: ./hacker-laws.pdf
asset_name: hacker-laws.pdf
asset_content_type: application/pdf

327
README.md
View File

@@ -1,85 +1,93 @@
# 💻📖 hacker-laws
<h1 align="center"><a href="https://hacker-laws.com" target="_blank">hacker-laws</a></h1>
<h4 align="center">🧠 Laws, Theories, Principles and Patterns for developers and technologists.</h4>
Laws, Theories, Principles and Patterns that developers will find useful.
---
[Translations](#translations): [🇮🇩](./translations/id.md) [🇧🇷](./translations/pt-BR.md) [🇨🇳](https://github.com/nusr/hacker-laws-zh) [🇩🇪](./translations/de.md) [🇫🇷](./translations/fr.md) [🇬🇷](./translations/el.md) [🇮🇹](https://github.com/csparpa/hacker-laws-it) [🇱🇻](./translations/lv.md) [🇰🇷](https://github.com/codeanddonuts/hacker-laws-kr) [🇵🇱](./translations/pl.md) [🇷🇺](https://github.com/solarrust/hacker-laws) [🇪🇸](./translations/es-ES.md) [🇹🇷](https://github.com/umutphp/hacker-laws-tr) [🇯🇵](./translations/jp.md) [🇺🇦](./translations/uk.md) [🇻🇳](./translations/vi.md)
Like this project? Please considering [sponsoring me](https://github.com/sponsors/dwmkerr) and the [translators](#translations). Also check out this podcast on [The Changelog - Laws for Hackers to Live By](https://changelog.com/podcast/403) to learn more about the project! You can also [download the latest PDF eBook](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/releases/latest/download/hacker-laws.pdf). Check the [Contributor Guide](./.github/contributing.md) if you are keen to contribute!
- 📖 My new book [Effective Shell](https://effective-shell) on [Amazon](https://amzn.to/4ho0F91)
- 🌍 Try [hacker-laws.com](https://hacker-laws.com)
- 🧠 Check out my new project [Terminal AI](https://github.com/dwmkerr/terminal-ai)
- ☕️ Like this project? Consider [buying me a coffee with a one-off donation](https://github.com/sponsors/dwmkerr?frequency=one-time)
- 🎧 Listen to the podcast [The Changelog - Laws for Hackers to Live By](https://changelog.com/podcast/403)
- 📖 Download the [PDF eBook](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/releases/latest/download/hacker-laws.pd)
- 🌏 See the [Translations](#translations)
---
<!-- vim-markdown-toc GFM -->
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Laws](#laws)
* [9091 Principle (1% Rule)](#9091-principle-1-rule)
* [Amdahl's Law](#amdahls-law)
* [The Broken Windows Theory](#the-broken-windows-theory)
* [Brooks' Law](#brooks-law)
* [CAP Theorem (Brewer's Theorem)](#cap-theorem-brewers-theorem)
* [Clarke's three laws](#clarkes-three-laws)
* [Conway's Law](#conways-law)
* [Cunningham's Law](#cunninghams-law)
* [Dunbar's Number](#dunbars-number)
* [The Dunning-Kruger Effect](#the-dunning-kruger-effect)
* [Fitts' Law](#fitts-law)
* [Gall's Law](#galls-law)
* [Goodhart's Law](#goodharts-law)
* [Hanlon's Razor](#hanlons-razor)
* [Hick's Law (Hick-Hyman Law)](#hicks-law-hick-hyman-law)
* [Hofstadter's Law](#hofstadters-law)
* [Hutber's Law](#hutbers-law)
* [The Hype Cycle & Amara's Law](#the-hype-cycle--amaras-law)
* [Hyrum's Law (The Law of Implicit Interfaces)](#hyrums-law-the-law-of-implicit-interfaces)
* [Kernighan's Law](#kernighans-law)
* [Linus's Law](#linuss-law)
* [Metcalfe's Law](#metcalfes-law)
* [Moore's Law](#moores-law)
* [Murphy's Law / Sod's Law](#murphys-law--sods-law)
* [Occam's Razor](#occams-razor)
* [Parkinson's Law](#parkinsons-law)
* [Premature Optimization Effect](#premature-optimization-effect)
* [Putt's Law](#putts-law)
* [Reed's Law](#reeds-law)
* [The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)](#the-law-of-conservation-of-complexity-teslers-law)
* [The Law of Demeter](#the-law-of-demeter)
* [The Law of Leaky Abstractions](#the-law-of-leaky-abstractions)
* [The Law of the Instrument](#the-law-of-the-instrument)
* [The Law of Triviality](#the-law-of-triviality)
* [The Unix Philosophy](#the-unix-philosophy)
* [The Scout Rule](#the-scout-rule)
* [The Spotify Model](#the-spotify-model)
* [The Two Pizza Rule](#the-two-pizza-rule)
* [Wadler's Law](#wadlers-law)
* [Wheaton's Law](#wheatons-law)
* [Principles](#principles)
* [All Models Are Wrong (George Box's Law)](#all-models-are-wrong-george-boxs-law)
* [Chesterton's Fence](#chestertons-fence)
* [The Dead Sea Effect](#the-dead-sea-effect)
* [The Dilbert Principle](#the-dilbert-principle)
* [The Pareto Principle (The 80/20 Rule)](#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule)
* [The Shirky Principle](#the-shirky-principle)
* [The Peter Principle](#the-peter-principle)
* [The Robustness Principle (Postel's Law)](#the-robustness-principle-postels-law)
* [SOLID](#solid)
* [The Single Responsibility Principle](#the-single-responsibility-principle)
* [The Open/Closed Principle](#the-openclosed-principle)
* [The Liskov Substitution Principle](#the-liskov-substitution-principle)
* [The Interface Segregation Principle](#the-interface-segregation-principle)
* [The Dependency Inversion Principle](#the-dependency-inversion-principle)
* [The DRY Principle](#the-dry-principle)
* [The KISS principle](#the-kiss-principle)
* [YAGNI](#yagni)
* [The Fallacies of Distributed Computing](#the-fallacies-of-distributed-computing)
* [The Principle of Least Astonishment](#the-principle-of-least-astonishment)
* [Reading List](#reading-list)
* [Online Resources](#online-resources)
* [PDF eBook](#pdf-ebook)
* [Podcast](#podcast)
* [Translations](#translations)
* [Related Projects](#related-projects)
* [Contributing](#contributing)
* [TODO](#todo)
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Laws](#laws)
- [9091 Principle (1% Rule)](#9091-principle-1-rule)
- [9090 Rule](#9090-rule)
- [Amdahl's Law](#amdahls-law)
- [The Broken Windows Theory](#the-broken-windows-theory)
- [Brooks' Law](#brooks-law)
- [CAP Theorem (Brewer's Theorem)](#cap-theorem-brewers-theorem)
- [Clarke's three laws](#clarkes-three-laws)
- [Conway's Law](#conways-law)
- [Cunningham's Law](#cunninghams-law)
- [Dunbar's Number](#dunbars-number)
- [The Dunning-Kruger Effect](#the-dunning-kruger-effect)
- [Fitts' Law](#fitts-law)
- [Gall's Law](#galls-law)
- [Goodhart's Law](#goodharts-law)
- [Hanlon's Razor](#hanlons-razor)
- [Hick's Law (Hick-Hyman Law)](#hicks-law-hick-hyman-law)
- [Hofstadter's Law](#hofstadters-law)
- [Hutber's Law](#hutbers-law)
- [The Hype Cycle & Amara's Law](#the-hype-cycle--amaras-law)
- [Hyrum's Law (The Law of Implicit Interfaces)](#hyrums-law-the-law-of-implicit-interfaces)
- [Input-Process-Output (IPO)](#input-process-output-ipo)
- [Kernighan's Law](#kernighans-law)
- [Koomey's Law](#koomeys-law)
- [Linus's Law](#linuss-law)
- [Metcalfe's Law](#metcalfes-law)
- [Moore's Law](#moores-law)
- [Murphy's Law / Sod's Law](#murphys-law--sods-law)
- [Occam's Razor](#occams-razor)
- [Parkinson's Law](#parkinsons-law)
- [Premature Optimization Effect](#premature-optimization-effect)
- [Putt's Law](#putts-law)
- [Reed's Law](#reeds-law)
- [The Bitter Lesson](#the-bitter-lesson)
- [The Ringelmann Effect](#the-ringelmann-effect)
- [The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)](#the-law-of-conservation-of-complexity-teslers-law)
- [The Law of Demeter](#the-law-of-demeter)
- [The Law of Leaky Abstractions](#the-law-of-leaky-abstractions)
- [The Law of the Instrument](#the-law-of-the-instrument)
- [The Law of Triviality](#the-law-of-triviality)
- [The Unix Philosophy](#the-unix-philosophy)
- [The Scout Rule](#the-scout-rule)
- [The Spotify Model](#the-spotify-model)
- [The Two Pizza Rule](#the-two-pizza-rule)
- [Twyman's law](#twymans-law)
- [Wadler's Law](#wadlers-law)
- [Wheaton's Law](#wheatons-law)
- [Principles](#principles)
- [All Models Are Wrong (George Box's Law)](#all-models-are-wrong-george-boxs-law)
- [Chesterton's Fence](#chestertons-fence)
- [Kerckhoffs's principle](#kerckhoffss-principle)
- [The Dead Sea Effect](#the-dead-sea-effect)
- [The Dilbert Principle](#the-dilbert-principle)
- [The Pareto Principle (The 80/20 Rule)](#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule)
- [The Shirky Principle](#the-shirky-principle)
- [The Peter Principle](#the-peter-principle)
- [The Robustness Principle (Postel's Law)](#the-robustness-principle-postels-law)
- [SOLID](#solid)
- [The Single Responsibility Principle](#the-single-responsibility-principle)
- [The Open/Closed Principle](#the-openclosed-principle)
- [The Liskov Substitution Principle](#the-liskov-substitution-principle)
- [The Interface Segregation Principle](#the-interface-segregation-principle)
- [The Dependency Inversion Principle](#the-dependency-inversion-principle)
- [The DRY Principle](#the-dry-principle)
- [The KISS principle](#the-kiss-principle)
- [YAGNI](#yagni)
- [The Fallacies of Distributed Computing](#the-fallacies-of-distributed-computing)
- [The Principle of Least Astonishment](#the-principle-of-least-astonishment)
- [Reading List](#reading-list)
- [Online Resources](#online-resources)
- [PDF eBook](#pdf-ebook)
- [Podcast](#podcast)
<!-- vim-markdown-toc -->
@@ -87,11 +95,11 @@ Like this project? Please considering [sponsoring me](https://github.com/sponsor
There are lots of laws which people discuss when talking about development. This repository is a reference and overview of some of the most common ones. Please share and submit PRs!
: This repo contains an explanation of some laws, principles and patterns, but does not _advocate_ for any of them. Whether they should be applied will always be a matter of debate, and greatly dependent on what you are working on.
Warning: This repo contains an explanation of some laws, principles and patterns, but does not _advocate_ for any of them. Whether they should be applied will always be a matter of debate, and greatly dependent on what you are working on.
## Laws
And here we go!
Laws can be opinions on inevitabilities in the world of software engineering, or wry observations on unavoidable realities.
### 9091 Principle (1% Rule)
@@ -107,6 +115,19 @@ See Also:
- [Pareto principle](#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule)
### 9090 Rule
[90-90 Rule on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninety%E2%80%93ninety_rule)
> The first 90 percent of the code accounts for the first 90 percent of the development time. The remaining 10 percent of the code accounts for the other 90 percent of the development time.
A wry reinterpretation of the [Pareto Principe (or 80-20 rule)](#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule) that highlights the real-world challenges of completing engineering work. This sentiment is also echoed in [Hofstadter's Law](#hofstadters-law).
See also:
- [Hofstadter's Law](#hofstadters-law)
- [The Pareto Principe](#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule)
### Amdahl's Law
[Amdahl's Law on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law)
@@ -119,7 +140,6 @@ The diagram below shows some examples of potential improvements in speed:
<img width="480px" alt="Diagram: Amdahl's Law" src="./images/amdahls_law.png" />
*(Image Reference: By Daniels219 at English Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AmdahlsLaw.svg)*
As can be seen, even a program which is 50% parallelisable will benefit very little beyond 10 processing units, whereas a program which is 95% parallelisable can still achieve significant speed improvements with over a thousand processing units.
@@ -252,7 +272,6 @@ As a person's understanding and experience in a domain grows, they may well enco
Real-world examples:
* [Apple vs. FBI: Why This Anti-Terror Hawk Switched Sides](https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/apple-fbi-lindsay-graham/) - In 2016 Senator Lindsey Graham changed his stance on Apple creating a 'backdoor' in their encryption of devices. Initially Graham had been critical of Apple challenging a request to create a 'backdoor', which he saw as necessary to investigate potential terrorist plots. However, by Graham's own admission, as he learned more about the technical complexity of the domain, he realised that he had assumed it to be far more simple than he had realised, and that such a backdoor could have serious negative consequences. This could potentially be considered an example of the Dunning-Kruger effect - a cyber-security expert would likely understand immediately how such a backdoor could be exploited, as they have deep understanding of the domain, a layperson might assume that phone security is more similar to _physical security_ where the practice of having a 'master key' for law enforcement is possible, but this analogy does not apply sufficiently well to describe modern encryption in cyber-security.
### Fitts' Law
@@ -262,7 +281,6 @@ Fitts' law predicts that the time required to move to a target area is a functio
<img width="300px" alt="Diagram: Fitts Law" src="./images/Fitts_Law.svg" />
*(Image Reference: By Foobar628 at English Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitts%27s_law#/media/File:Fitts_Law.svg)*
The consequences of this law dictate that when designing UX or UI, interactive elements should be as large as possible and the distance between the users attention area and interactive element should be as small as possible. This has consequences on design, such as grouping tasks that are commonly used with one another close.
@@ -334,7 +352,6 @@ In the equation below, `T` is the time to make a decision, `n` is the number of
![Hicks law](./images/hicks_law.svg)
*(Image Reference: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hick%27s_law)*
This law only applies when the number of options is _ordered_, for example, alphabetically. This is implied in the base two logarithm - which implies the decision maker is essentially performing a _binary search_. If the options are not well ordered, experiments show the time taken is linear.
@@ -385,7 +402,6 @@ The Hype Cycle is a visual representation of the excitement and development of t
![The Hype Cycle](./images/gartner_hype_cycle.png)
*(Image Reference: By Jeremykemp at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10547051)*
In short, this cycle suggests that there is typically a burst of excitement around new technology and its potential impact. Teams often jump into these technologies quickly, and sometimes find themselves disappointed with the results. This might be because the technology is not yet mature enough, or real-world applications are not yet fully realised. After a certain amount of time, the capabilities of the technology increase and practical opportunities to use it increase, and teams can finally become productive. Roy Amara's quote sums this up most succinctly - "We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate in the long run".
@@ -400,13 +416,30 @@ In short, this cycle suggests that there is typically a burst of excitement arou
>
> (Hyrum Wright)
Hyrum's Law states that when you have a _large enough number of consumers_ of an API, all behaviours of the API (even those not defined as part of a public contract) will eventually come to be depended on by someone. A trivial example may be non-functional elements such as the response time of an API. A more subtle example might be consumers who are relying on applying a regex to an error message to determine the *type* of error of an API. Even if the public contract of the API states nothing about the contents of the message, indicating users should use an associated error code, _some_ users may use the message, and changing the message essentially breaks the API for those users.
See also:
- [The Law of Leaky Abstractions](#the-law-of-leaky-abstractions)
- [XKCD 1172](https://xkcd.com/1172/)
### Input-Process-Output (IPO)
[InputProcessOutput on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPO_model)
Systems can be incredibly complex, but can typically be broken down into smaller parts that follow a simple pattern:
1. Input is provided
2. Some kind of processing or transformation is performed
3. Output is returned
A sort function in a programming language or system could be a classic example of the IPO pattern; where arbitrary input is sorted based on a predicate and returned back. A web server could be modelled as an IPO system, where HTTP requests are transformed into HTTP responses. A highly complex Generative AI system could likewise be modelled in this way, with user input being passed through a complex model and a response being generated.
The IPO pattern is present in different forms across almost all technological domains, from [functional programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) languages that explicitly follow IPO patterns to [The Unix Philosophy](#the-unix-philosophy), which suggests that highly complex systems can be built by chaining together many simple IPO programs.
See also:
- [The Unix Philosophy](#the-unix-philosophy)
### Kernighan's Law
> Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place. Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by definition, not smart enough to debug it.
@@ -425,6 +458,23 @@ See also:
- [The Unix Philosophy](#the-unix-philosophy)
- [Occam's Razor](#occams-razor)
### Koomey's Law
[Koomey's Law on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koomey%27s_law)
> ...at a fixed computing load, the amount of battery you need will fall by a factor of two every year and a half.
>
> (Jonathan Koomey)
In 2010 Professor Jonathan Koomey discovered that the trend in number of computations per joule of energy dissipated had been remarkably stable. This trend became known as Koomey's Law - that the amount of battery needed for a given computing load would half each 2.5 years.
Koomey performed a follow-up analysis in 2010 and found that this trend had slowed, similar to how [Moore's Law](#moores-law) had slowed. This seemed to be related to limitations around how small transistors can be made, as well as [Dennard Scaling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennard_scaling).
See also:
- [Moore's Law](#moores-law)
- [Dennard Scaling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennard_scaling)
### Linus's Law
[Linus's Law on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus%27s_law)
@@ -463,6 +513,10 @@ See also:
Often used to illustrate the sheer speed at which semiconductor and chip technology has improved, Moore's prediction has proven to be highly accurate over from the 1970s to the late 2000s. In more recent years, the trend has changed slightly, partly due to [physical limitations on the degree to which components can be miniaturised](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling). However, advancements in parallelisation, and potentially revolutionary changes in semiconductor technology and quantum computing may mean that Moore's Law could continue to hold true for decades to come.
See also:
- [Koomey's Law](#koomeys-law)
### Murphy's Law / Sod's Law
[Murphy's Law on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murphy%27s_law)
@@ -509,7 +563,6 @@ Example:
In its original context, this Law was based on studies of bureaucracies. It may be pessimistically applied to software development initiatives, the theory being that teams will be inefficient until deadlines near, then rush to complete work by the deadline, thus making the actual deadline somewhat arbitrary.
If this law were combined with [Hofstadter's Law](#hofstadters-law), an even more pessimistic viewpoint is reached - work will expand to fill the time available for its completion and *still take longer than expected*.
See also:
@@ -517,13 +570,12 @@ See also:
### Premature Optimization Effect
[Premature Optimization on WikiWikiWeb](http://wiki.c2.com/?PrematureOptimization)
[Premature Optimization on WikiWeb](http://wiki.c2.com/?PrematureOptimization)
> Premature optimization is the root of all evil.
>
> [(Donald Knuth)](https://twitter.com/realdonaldknuth?lang=en)
In Donald Knuth's paper [Structured Programming With Go To Statements](http://wiki.c2.com/?StructuredProgrammingWithGoToStatements), he wrote: "Programmers waste enormous amounts of time thinking about, or worrying about, the speed of noncritical parts of their programs, and these attempts at efficiency actually have a strong negative impact when debugging and maintenance are considered. We should forget about small efficiencies, say about 97% of the time: **premature optimization is the root of all evil**. Yet we should not pass up our opportunities in that critical 3%."
However, _Premature Optimization_ can be defined (in less loaded terms) as optimizing before we know that we need to.
@@ -558,6 +610,27 @@ See also:
- [Metcalfe's Law](#metcalfes-law)
- [Dunbar's Number](#dunbars-number)
### The Bitter Lesson
[The Bitter Lesson by Richard S. Sutton](http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html)
> The biggest lesson that can be read from 70 years of AI research is that general methods that leverage computation are ultimately the most effective, and by a large margin.
>
> Richard S. Sutton (2019)
The "Bitter Lesson", stated by [Rich S. Sutton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_S._Sutton), says that scale (in terms of both data and computational power) has driven the most significant advancements in AI research, rather than the intricacies of the research methods themselves.
He goes on to suggest that this indicates we should stop trying to build simplified (or even complex) models of the mind as history has shown that these have always in the long term been failures compared to (as an example) scaling the capacity of neural networks and applying existing methods such as convolution.
### The Ringelmann Effect
[The Ringelmann effect on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringelmann_effect)
The Ringelmann Effect is the tendency of an individual to become increasingly inefficient as more and more people are involved in a task. In other words, as more individuals are added to a team, the more the average individual performance decreases. Multiple causes are believed to be at work, including loss of motivation ("[social loafing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_loafing)") and challenges related to coordination.
See also:
- [Brooks' Law](#brooks-law)
### The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)
[The Law of Conservation of Complexity on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_conservation_of_complexity)
@@ -590,7 +663,6 @@ Following this principal limits the scope of changes, making them easier and saf
This law states that abstractions, which are generally used in computing to simplify working with complicated systems, will in certain situations 'leak' elements of the underlying system, this making the abstraction behave in an unexpected way.
An example might be loading a file and reading its contents. The file system APIs are an _abstraction_ of the lower level kernel systems, which are themselves an abstraction over the physical processes relating to changing data on a magnetic platter (or flash memory for an SSD). In most cases, the abstraction of treating a file like a stream of binary data will work. However, for a magnetic drive, reading data sequentially will be *significantly* faster than random access (due to increased overhead of page faults), but for an SSD drive, this overhead will not be present. Underlying details will need to be understood to deal with this case (for example, database index files are structured to reduce the overhead of random access), the abstraction 'leaks' implementation details the developer may need to be aware of.
The example above can become more complex when _more_ abstractions are introduced. The Linux operating system allows files to be accessed over a network but represented locally as 'normal' files. This abstraction will 'leak' if there are network failures. If a developer treats these files as 'normal' files, without considering the fact that they may be subject to network latency and failures, the solutions will be buggy.
@@ -683,6 +755,18 @@ The number of links between people can be expressed as `n(n-1)/2` where n = numb
<img width="200px" alt="Complete graph; Links between people" src="./images/complete_graph.png" />
### Twyman's law
[Twyman's Law on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twyman%27s_law)
> The more unusual or interesting the data, the more likely they are to have been the result of an error of one kind or another.
This law suggests that when there are particularly unusual data points, it is more likely that they are the result of errors or manipulation. For example, if a dataset of long-jump results from a sporting event showed a maximum value of 20 meters (more than twice the world record), it is more likely to be due to an error (such as recording a value in feet rather than meters) than due to an unusually long jump. It is also more likely in this case that the results could have been manipulated.
See also:
- [Sagan Standard](#TODO)
### Wadler's Law
[Wadler's Law on wiki.haskell.org](https://wiki.haskell.org/Wadler's_Law)
@@ -744,6 +828,22 @@ This principle is relevant in software engineering when removing technical debt.
The name of this principle comes from a story by [G.K. Chesterton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._K._Chesterton). A man comes across a fence crossing the middle of the road. He complains to the mayor that this useless fence is getting in the way, and asks to remove it. The mayor asks why the fence is there in the first place. When the man says he doesn't know, the mayor says, "If you don't know its purpose, I certainly won't let you remove it. Go and find out the use of it, and then I may let you destroy it."
### Kerckhoffs's principle
[Kerckhoffs's principle on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerckhoffs%27s_principle)
> "...design your system assuming that your opponents know it in detail."
>
> _Steven M. Bellovin's formulation of Kerckhoff's Principle_
This principle of cryptography was an axiom created by cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs. He stated that a cryptosystem should be secure, even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge. Not to be confused with [_"security through obscurity"_](#todo).
The gold standard for any secret-keeping system is that implementation details should be publicly distributed, without sacrificing or compromising security of said system.
The history of cryptography has shown that open discussion and analysis of cryptographic systems leads to better and more secure systems - as researchers are able to test for and expose potential vulnerabilities.
- [Shannon's Maxim](#todo)
### The Dead Sea Effect
[The Dead Sea Effect on Bruce F. Webster](http://brucefwebster.com/2008/04/11/the-wetware-crisis-the-dead-sea-effect/)
@@ -849,11 +949,6 @@ See Also:
This is an acronym, which refers to:
* S: [The Single Responsibility Principle](#the-single-responsibility-principle)
* O: [The Open/Closed Principle](#the-openclosed-principle)
* L: [The Liskov Substitution Principle](#the-liskov-substitution-principle)
* I: [The Interface Segregation Principle](#the-interface-segregation-principle)
* D: [The Dependency Inversion Principle](#the-dependency-inversion-principle)
These are key principles in [Object-Oriented Programming](#todo). Design principles such as these should be able to aid developers build more maintainable systems.
@@ -978,7 +1073,6 @@ See also:
[YAGNI on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_ain%27t_gonna_need_it)
This is an acronym for _**Y**ou **A**in't **G**onna **N**eed **I**t_.
> Always implement things when you actually need them, never when you just foresee that you need them.
>
@@ -1026,9 +1120,9 @@ See also:
>
> Frans Kaashoek
This principle proposes that systems and interfaces should be designed in a way that features and functionality is intuitive and matches users expectations. Features that 'surprise' users should be discouraged, and features that can be intuitively reasoned about based on existing common patterns and practices should be encouraged.
This principle proposes that systems and interfaces should be designed in a way that features and functionality is easily discovered and matches users expectations. Features that 'surprise' users should be discouraged in favour of features that can be intuitively reasoned about based on existing patterns and practices.
Examples are common in user interfaces, where a number of paradigms are common, such as a 'pull down' on a mobile app page to reload. Another example would be command line tools - where standard Unix and Linux tools have created a set of common expectations on how CLI tools can be expected to work, such as how command line flags are named.
Many examples are present in user interfaces, such as a 'pull down' gesture on a mobile appliation to refresh content. Another example would be command line tools, where many standards exist for how parameters are named, common parameters that should be available and so on.
See also:
@@ -1065,46 +1159,3 @@ Hacker Laws has been featured in [The Changelog](https://changelog.com/podcast/4
<a href="https://changelog.com/podcast/403" target="_blank"><img src="./images/changelog-podcast.png" width="800px" alt="Changelog Podcast Image" /></a>
## Translations
Thanks to a number of wonderful contributors, Hacker Laws is available in a number of languages. Please consider sponsoring moderators!
| Language | Moderator | Status |
|----------|-----------|--------|
| [AR Arabic / Arabic](./translations/ar-AR.md) | [Abdurrahman Rajab - a0m0rajab](https://github.com/a0m0rajab) | . |
| [🇮🇩 Bahasa Indonesia / Indonesian](./translations/pt-BR.md) | [arywidiantara](https://github.com/arywidiantara) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/id/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/id?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇧🇷 Brasileiro / Brazilian](./translations/pt-BR.md) | [Eugênio Moreira](https://github.com/eugenioamn), [Leonardo Costa](https://github.com/leofc97) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/pt-BR/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/pt-BR?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇨🇳 中文 / Chinese](https://github.com/nusr/hacker-laws-zh) | [Steve Xu](https://github.com/nusr) | Partially complete |
| [🇩🇪 Deutsch / German](./translations/de.md) | [Vikto](https://github.com/viktodergunov) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/de/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/de?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇫🇷 Français / French](./translations/fr.md) | [Kevin Bockelandt](https://github.com/KevinBockelandt) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/fr/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/fr?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇬🇷 ελληνικά / Greek](./translations/el.md) | [Panagiotis Gourgaris](https://github.com/0gap) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/el/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/el?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇮🇹 Italiano / Italian](https://github.com/csparpa/hacker-laws-it) | [Claudio Sparpaglione](https://github.com/csparpa) | Partially complete |
| [🇯🇵 JP 日本語 / Japanese](./translations/jp.md) | [Fumikazu Fujiwara](https://github.com/freddiefujiwara)| [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/ja/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/ja?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇰🇷 한국어 / Korean](https://github.com/codeanddonuts/hacker-laws-kr) | [Doughnut](https://github.com/codeanddonuts) | Partially complete |
| [🇱🇻 Latviešu Valoda / Latvian](./translations/lv.md) | [Arturs Jansons](https://github.com/iegik) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/lv/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/lv?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇵🇱 Polski / Polish](./translations/pl.md) | [Mariusz Kogen](https://github.com/k0gen) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/pl/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/pl?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇷🇺 Русская версия / Russian](https://github.com/solarrust/hacker-laws) | [Alena Batitskaya](https://github.com/solarrust) | Partially complete |
| [🇪🇸 Castellano / Spanish](./translations/es-ES.md) | [Manuel Rubio](https://github.com/manuel-rubio) ([Sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/manuel-rubio)) | Partially complete |
| [🇹🇷 Türkçe / Turkish](https://github.com/umutphp/hacker-laws-tr) | [Umut Işık](https://github.com/umutphp) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/tr/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/tr?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇺🇦 українська мова / Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md) | [Nazar](https://github.com/troyane), [Helga Lastivka](https://github.com/HelgaLastivka) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/uk/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/uk?utm_source=badge) |
| [🇻🇳 Tiếng Việt / Vietnamese](./translations/vu.md) | [Nguyên](https://github.com/truonghoangnguyen), [Trương Hoàng](https://github.com/truonghoangnguyen) | [![gitlocalized ](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/vi/badge.svg)](https://gitlocalize.com/repo/2513/vi?utm_source=badge) |
If you would like to update a translation, follow the [Translators Contributor Guide](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/blob/main/.github/contributing.md#translations).
## Related Projects
- [Tip of the Day](https://tips.darekkay.com/html/hacker-laws-en.html) - Receive a daily hacker law/principle.
- [Hacker Laws CLI](https://github.com/umutphp/hacker-laws-cli) - List, view and see random laws from the terminal!
- [Hacker Laws Action](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/hacker-laws-action) - Adds a random Hacker Law to a pull request as a small gift for the contributor, thanks [Umut Işık](https://github.com/umutphp)
## Contributing
Please do contribute! [Raise an issue](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues/new) if you'd like to suggest an addition or change, or [Open a pull request](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/compare) to propose your own changes.
Please be sure to read the [Contributing Guidelines](./.github/contributing.md) for requirements on text, style and so on. Please be aware of the [Code of Conduct](./.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) when engaging in discussions on the project.
## TODO
Hi! If you land here, you've clicked on a link to a topic I've not written up yet, sorry about this - this is work in progress!
Feel free to [Raise an Issue](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/issues) requesting more details, or [Open a Pull Request](https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/pulls) to submit your proposed definition of the topic.

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@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
# Sharing
Copy paste the below for sharing on social media. The channels are:
- [Hacker News](https://news.ycombinator.com)
- [`r/programming`](https://reddit.com/r/programming/)
- LinkedIn
- Twitter
## LinkedIn
#hackerlaws - <Law Name> - <Short Quote>
<Link>
Hacker Laws is a set of theories, principles and patterns that developers will find useful.
Thanks <person>
#hacking #programming #coding #development #computerscience #logic

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Interactive Hacker Laws Stack</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
#stack {
width: 400px;
height: 500px;
overflow-y: auto;
position: relative;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
padding: 10px;
}
.law-item {
text-align: left;
padding: 4px;
transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s;
transform-origin: left;
font-size: 16px;
color: #333;
margin: 6px 0;
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.law-item::before {
content: '';
display: block;
width: 6px;
height: 6px;
border-radius: 50%;
background-color: #aaa;
margin-right: 8px;
transition: height 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stack" class="stack"></div>
<script>
const laws = [
"9091 Principle (1% Rule)", "9090 Rule", "Amdahl's Law", "The Broken Windows Theory",
"Brooks' Law", "CAP Theorem (Brewer's Theorem)", "Clarke's Three Laws", "Conway's Law",
"Cunningham's Law", "Dunbar's Number", "The Dunning-Kruger Effect", "Fitts' Law",
"Gall's Law", "Goodhart's Law", "Hanlon's Razor", "Hofstadter's Law", "Hutber's Law",
"The Hype Cycle & Amara's Law", "Hyrum's Law (The Law of Implicit Interfaces)",
"Metcalfe's Law", "Moore's Law", "Murphy's Law / Sod's Law", "Occam's Razor",
"Parkinson's Law", "Premature Optimization Effect", "Putt's Law", "Reed's Law",
"The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)", "The Law of Leaky Abstractions",
"The Law of Triviality", "The Unix Philosophy", "The Spotify Model", "Wadler's Law",
"Wheaton's Law", "The Dilbert Principle", "The Pareto Principle (The 80/20 Rule)",
"The Peter Principle", "The Robustness Principle (Postel's Law)", "SOLID",
"The Single Responsibility Principle", "The Open/Closed Principle", "The Liskov Substitution Principle",
"The Interface Segregation Principle", "The Dependency Inversion Principle", "The DRY Principle",
"The KISS Principle", "YAGNI"
];
const stack = document.getElementById('stack');
const maxZoom = 1.5;
const minZoom = 0.6;
laws.forEach(title => {
const div = document.createElement('div');
div.className = 'law-item';
div.innerText = title;
stack.appendChild(div);
});
function updateScale(e) {
const items = document.querySelectorAll('.law-item');
items.forEach(item => {
const itemRect = item.getBoundingClientRect();
const itemCenter = (itemRect.top + itemRect.bottom) / 2;
const distance = Math.abs(e.clientY - itemCenter);
const scale = Math.max(maxZoom - distance / 150, minZoom);
const opacity = Math.max(1 - distance / 300, 0.3);
item.style.transform = `scale(${scale})`;
item.style.opacity = opacity;
const dot = item.querySelector('::before');
const barHeight = Math.max(6, 30 - distance / 10);
item.style.setProperty('--dot-height', barHeight + 'px');
item.style.setProperty('--dot-color', distance < 50 ? '#333' : '#aaa');
item.querySelector('::before');
item.style.setProperty('--dot-height', barHeight + 'px');
});
}
document.addEventListener('mousemove', updateScale);
// Initial positioning
updateScale({ clientY: window.innerHeight / 2 });
</script>
<style>
.law-item::before {
height: var(--dot-height, 6px);
background-color: var(--dot-color, #aaa);
}
</style>
</body>
</html>

110
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@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Interactive Hacker Laws Stack</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
#stack {
width: 400px;
height: 500px;
overflow-y: auto;
position: relative;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
padding: 10px;
}
.law-item {
text-align: left;
padding: 2px 4px;
transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s;
transform-origin: left;
font-size: 15px;
color: #333;
margin: 4px 0;
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.law-item::before {
content: '';
display: block;
width: var(--bar-width, 6px);
height: 6px;
border-radius: 3px;
background-color: var(--bar-color, #aaa);
margin-right: 10px;
transition: width 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stack" class="stack"></div>
<script>
const laws = [
"9091 Principle (1% Rule)", "9090 Rule", "Amdahl's Law", "The Broken Windows Theory",
"Brooks' Law", "CAP Theorem (Brewer's Theorem)", "Clarke's Three Laws", "Conway's Law",
"Cunningham's Law", "Dunbar's Number", "The Dunning-Kruger Effect", "Fitts' Law",
"Gall's Law", "Goodhart's Law", "Hanlon's Razor", "Hofstadter's Law", "Hutber's Law",
"The Hype Cycle & Amara's Law", "Hyrum's Law (The Law of Implicit Interfaces)",
"Metcalfe's Law", "Moore's Law", "Murphy's Law / Sod's Law", "Occam's Razor",
"Parkinson's Law", "Premature Optimization Effect", "Putt's Law", "Reed's Law",
"The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)", "The Law of Leaky Abstractions",
"The Law of Triviality", "The Unix Philosophy", "The Spotify Model", "Wadler's Law",
"Wheaton's Law", "The Dilbert Principle", "The Pareto Principle (The 80/20 Rule)",
"The Peter Principle", "The Robustness Principle (Postel's Law)", "SOLID",
"The Single Responsibility Principle", "The Open/Closed Principle", "The Liskov Substitution Principle",
"The Interface Segregation Principle", "The Dependency Inversion Principle", "The DRY Principle",
"The KISS Principle", "YAGNI"
];
const stack = document.getElementById('stack');
const maxZoom = 1.8;
const minZoom = 0.5;
laws.forEach(title => {
const div = document.createElement('div');
div.className = 'law-item';
div.innerText = title;
stack.appendChild(div);
});
function updateScale(e) {
const items = document.querySelectorAll('.law-item');
items.forEach(item => {
const itemRect = item.getBoundingClientRect();
const itemCenter = (itemRect.top + itemRect.bottom) / 2;
const distance = Math.abs(e.clientY - itemCenter);
const scale = Math.max(maxZoom - distance / 120, minZoom);
const opacity = Math.max(1 - distance / 250, 0.2);
const barWidth = Math.max(6, 60 - distance / 5);
item.style.transform = `scale(${scale})`;
item.style.opacity = opacity;
item.style.setProperty('--bar-width', barWidth + 'px');
item.style.setProperty('--bar-color', distance < 50 ? '#333' : '#aaa');
});
}
document.addEventListener('mousemove', updateScale);
// Initial positioning
updateScale({ clientY: window.innerHeight / 2 });
</script>
</body>
</html>

127
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@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Interactive Hacker Laws Stack</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
overflow: hidden;
}
#stack-container {
width: 400px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
padding: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
position: relative;
}
#stack {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
}
.law-item {
text-align: left;
padding: 2px 4px;
transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s;
transform-origin: left;
font-size: 15px;
color: #333;
margin: 4px 0;
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.law-item::before {
content: '';
display: block;
width: var(--bar-width, 6px);
height: 6px;
border-radius: 3px;
background-color: var(--bar-color, #aaa);
margin-right: 10px;
transition: width 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stack-container">
<div id="stack"></div>
</div>
<script>
const laws = [
"9091 Principle (1% Rule)", "9090 Rule", "Amdahl's Law", "The Broken Windows Theory",
"Brooks' Law", "CAP Theorem (Brewer's Theorem)", "Clarke's Three Laws", "Conway's Law",
"Cunningham's Law", "Dunbar's Number", "The Dunning-Kruger Effect", "Fitts' Law",
"Gall's Law", "Goodhart's Law", "Hanlon's Razor", "Hofstadter's Law", "Hutber's Law",
"The Hype Cycle & Amara's Law", "Hyrum's Law (The Law of Implicit Interfaces)",
"Metcalfe's Law", "Moore's Law", "Murphy's Law / Sod's Law", "Occam's Razor",
"Parkinson's Law", "Premature Optimization Effect", "Putt's Law", "Reed's Law",
"The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)", "The Law of Leaky Abstractions",
"The Law of Triviality", "The Unix Philosophy", "The Spotify Model", "Wadler's Law",
"Wheaton's Law", "The Dilbert Principle", "The Pareto Principle (The 80/20 Rule)",
"The Peter Principle", "The Robustness Principle (Postel's Law)", "SOLID",
"The Single Responsibility Principle", "The Open/Closed Principle", "The Liskov Substitution Principle",
"The Interface Segregation Principle", "The Dependency Inversion Principle", "The DRY Principle",
"The KISS Principle", "YAGNI"
];
const stack = document.getElementById('stack');
const stackContainer = document.getElementById('stack-container');
const maxZoom = 1.8;
const minZoom = 0.5;
let offsetY = 0;
laws.forEach(title => {
const div = document.createElement('div');
div.className = 'law-item';
div.innerText = title;
stack.appendChild(div);
});
function updateScale() {
const items = document.querySelectorAll('.law-item');
items.forEach(item => {
const itemRect = item.getBoundingClientRect();
const containerRect = stackContainer.getBoundingClientRect();
const itemCenter = (itemRect.top + itemRect.bottom) / 2;
const containerCenter = (containerRect.top + containerRect.bottom) / 2;
const distance = Math.abs(containerCenter - itemCenter);
const scale = Math.max(maxZoom - distance / 120, minZoom);
const opacity = Math.max(1 - distance / 300, 0.3);
const barWidth = Math.max(6, 60 - distance / 3);
item.style.transform = `scale(${scale})`;
item.style.opacity = opacity;
item.style.setProperty('--bar-width', barWidth + 'px');
item.style.setProperty('--bar-color', distance < 50 ? '#333' : '#aaa');
});
}
stackContainer.addEventListener('wheel', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
offsetY = (offsetY + e.deltaY) % stack.scrollHeight;
if (offsetY < 0) offsetY += stack.scrollHeight;
stack.style.top = `${-offsetY}px`;
updateScale();
});
document.addEventListener('mousemove', updateScale);
updateScale();
</script>
</body>
</html>

158
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@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
<!--
Interactive Hacker Laws Stack - Specification:
1. User Experience:
- Display a vertically scrolling list of items ("laws") in a visually appealing, interactive format.
- The list infinitely loops seamlessly; scrolling beyond the first or last item cycles continuously.
- Mouse scrolling moves the entire list vertically within a fixed viewport (no internal scrollbar visible).
- The item under the mouse cursor smoothly scales up (zooms) and becomes clearly highlighted.
- Items further from the cursor scale down smoothly, fade out gradually, and become visually less prominent.
- To the left of each text item, a horizontal bar visually represents the focus, forming a bell-curve-like effect.
The bar is smallest (circular) when far from the cursor, and smoothly expands (rectangular with rounded corners) when close.
2. Sources:
- Original Interaction Design Inspiration: https://press.stripe.com/
- Data Source (list of "Hacker Laws"): https://github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws/
3. Technical Details:
- Implemented using plain HTML, CSS, and JavaScript without third-party libraries.
- Clearly defined parameters for customization:
- `maxZoom`: maximum scale factor for the item closest to the cursor.
- `minZoom`: minimum scale factor for items furthest from the cursor.
- Styling is clean, minimalist, and customizable via CSS variables.
This specification allows easy adjustments, maintenance, and future enhancements of the interactive list.
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Interactive Hacker Laws Stack</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
overflow: hidden;
}
#stack-container {
width: 400px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
padding: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
position: relative;
}
#stack {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
}
.law-item {
text-align: left;
padding: 2px 4px;
transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s;
transform-origin: left;
font-size: 15px;
color: #333;
margin: 4px 0;
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.law-item::before {
content: '';
display: block;
width: var(--bar-width, 6px);
height: 6px;
border-radius: 3px;
background-color: var(--bar-color, #aaa);
margin-right: 10px;
transition: width 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stack-container">
<div id="stack"></div>
</div>
<script>
const laws = [
"9091 Principle (1% Rule)", "9090 Rule", "Amdahl's Law", "The Broken Windows Theory",
"Brooks' Law", "CAP Theorem (Brewer's Theorem)", "Clarke's Three Laws", "Conway's Law",
"Cunningham's Law", "Dunbar's Number", "The Dunning-Kruger Effect", "Fitts' Law",
"Gall's Law", "Goodhart's Law", "Hanlon's Razor", "Hofstadter's Law", "Hutber's Law",
"The Hype Cycle & Amara's Law", "Hyrum's Law (The Law of Implicit Interfaces)",
"Metcalfe's Law", "Moore's Law", "Murphy's Law / Sod's Law", "Occam's Razor",
"Parkinson's Law", "Premature Optimization Effect", "Putt's Law", "Reed's Law",
"The Law of Conservation of Complexity (Tesler's Law)", "The Law of Leaky Abstractions",
"The Law of Triviality", "The Unix Philosophy", "The Spotify Model", "Wadler's Law",
"Wheaton's Law", "The Dilbert Principle", "The Pareto Principle (The 80/20 Rule)",
"The Peter Principle", "The Robustness Principle (Postel's Law)", "SOLID",
"The Single Responsibility Principle", "The Open/Closed Principle", "The Liskov Substitution Principle",
"The Interface Segregation Principle", "The Dependency Inversion Principle", "The DRY Principle",
"The KISS Principle", "YAGNI"
];
const stack = document.getElementById('stack');
const stackContainer = document.getElementById('stack-container');
const maxZoom = 1.8;
const minZoom = 0.5;
let offsetY = 0;
// Create seamless infinite scrolling
const extendedLaws = [...laws, ...laws, ...laws];
extendedLaws.forEach(title => {
const div = document.createElement('div');
div.className = 'law-item';
div.innerText = title;
stack.appendChild(div);
});
const totalHeight = stack.scrollHeight / 3;
stack.style.top = `-${totalHeight}px`;
offsetY = totalHeight;
function updateScale(e) {
const items = document.querySelectorAll('.law-item');
items.forEach(item => {
const itemRect = item.getBoundingClientRect();
const distance = e.clientY ? Math.abs(e.clientY - (itemRect.top + itemRect.bottom) / 2) : 0;
const scale = Math.max(maxZoom - distance / 120, minZoom);
const opacity = Math.max(1 - distance / 300, 0.3);
const barWidth = Math.max(6, 60 - distance / 3);
item.style.transform = `scale(${scale})`;
item.style.opacity = opacity;
item.style.setProperty('--bar-width', barWidth + 'px');
item.style.setProperty('--bar-color', distance < 50 ? '#333' : '#aaa');
});
}
stackContainer.addEventListener('wheel', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
offsetY += e.deltaY;
if (offsetY >= totalHeight * 2) offsetY -= totalHeight;
if (offsetY < totalHeight) offsetY += totalHeight;
stack.style.top = `-${offsetY}px`;
updateScale(e);
});
stackContainer.addEventListener('mousemove', updateScale);
// Initial scale update
updateScale({ clientY: window.innerHeight / 2 });
</script>
</body>
</html>

View File

@@ -1,42 +1,44 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script prepares a `hacker-laws.md` file which is in a format ready to be
# exported to PDF or other formats for an e-book.
# Require that we provide the version number and get a date.
version=$1
date=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d")
# Fail on errors.
set -e -o pipefail
if [ -z $version ]; then
echo "version must be specified: ./prepare-markdown-for-ebook.sh <version>"
# Check if parameters are provided
input="$1"
output="$2"
if [ -z "${input}" ] || [ -z "${output}" ]; then
echo "usage: $(basename "$0") <input> <output>" >&2
echo " input: source markdown file (usually README.md)" >&2
echo " output: output markdown file (usually hacker-laws.md)" >&2
exit 1
fi
# Create the frontmatter.
cat << EOF > frontmatter.md
# Grab env vars used to configure output, fail if required are missing.
export date="${DATE:-$(date +%F)}"
export version="${VERSION?error: VERSION must be set}"
# Update the input file to an intermedate.
intermediate="${input}.temp"
cat <<EOF > "${intermediate}"
---
title: "Hacker Laws"
author: "Dave Kerr, github.com/dwmkerr/hacker-laws"
subtitle: "Laws, Theories, Principles and Patterns that developers will find useful. ${version}, ${date}."
subtitle: "Laws, Theories, Principles, and Patterns that developers will find useful. ${VERSION}, ${DATE}."
version: ${VERSION}
---
EOF
cat "${input}" >> "${intermediate}"
DATE="${date}" VERSION="${version}" envsubst < "${intermediate}" > "${output}"
# Combine the frontmatter and the laws.
cat frontmatter.md README.md >> hacker-laws.md
# Use a single `sed` command to clean up unwanted lines and emojis in one pass.
sed -e '/💻📖.*/d' \
-e 's/❗/Warning/g' \
-e '/^\[Translations.*/d' \
-e '/\*.*/d' \
-e '/ \*.*/d' \
-e '/## Translations/,$d' "${output}" > "${intermediate}"
mv "${intermediate}" "${output}"
# Remove the title - we have it in the front-matter of the doc, so it will
# automatically be added to the PDF.
sed -i'' '/💻📖.*/d' hacker-laws.md
# We can't have emojis in the final content with the PDF generator we're using.
sed -i'' 's/❗/Warning/' hacker-laws.md
# Now rip out the translations line.
sed -i'' '/^\[Translations.*/d' hacker-laws.md
# # Now rip out any table of contents items.
sed -i'' '/\*.*/d' hacker-laws.md
sed -i'' '/ \*.*/d' hacker-laws.md
# Delete everything from 'Translations' onwards (we don't need the translations
# lists, related projects, etc).
sed -i'' '/## Translations/,$d' hacker-laws.md
echo "${output} prepared successfully."

View File

@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ Les principes sont généralement des lignes directrices liés à la conception.
> Les entreprises tendent à promouvoir systématiquement les employés incompétents afin de les sortir du workflow.
> *Scott Adams*
Un concept de gestion inventé par Scott Adams (créateur du comic strip Dilbert) inspiré par le [principe de Peter](#principe-de-peter). Suivant le principe de Dilbert, les employés qui n'ont jamais montré de compétence dans leur travail sont promus à des postes de management afin de limité les dommages qu'ils peuvent causer. Adams expliqua initialement le principe dans un article du Wall Street Journal datant de 1995, et élabora le concept dans son livre de 1996: [The Dilbert Principle](#a-lire).
Un concept de gestion inventé par Scott Adams (créateur du comic strip Dilbert) inspiré par le [principe de Peter](#principe-de-peter). Suivant le principe de Dilbert, les employés qui n'ont jamais montré de compétence dans leur travail sont promus à des postes de management afin de limiter les dommages qu'ils peuvent causer. Adams expliqua initialement le principe dans un article du Wall Street Journal datant de 1995, et élabora le concept dans son livre de 1996: [The Dilbert Principle](#a-lire).
Voir aussi :

View File

@@ -10,73 +10,73 @@ Podoba Ci się ten projekt? Proszę rozważyć [sponsorowanie mnie](https://gith
<!-- vim-markdown-toc GFM -->
- [Wstęp](#introduction)
- [Prawa](#laws)
- [Wstęp](#wstęp)
- [Prawa](#prawa)
- [Zasada 90-9-1 (zasada 1%)](#zasada-90-9-1-zasada-1)
- [Prawo Amdahla](#amdahls-law)
- [Teoria zepsutych okien](#the-broken-windows-theory)
- [Prawo Brooksa](#brooks-law)
- [Twierdzenie CAP (Twierdzenie Brewera)](#cap-theorem-brewers-theorem)
- [Prawo Conwaya](#conways-law)
- [Prawo Cunninghama](#cunninghams-law)
- [Numer Dunbara](#dunbars-number)
- [Efekt Dunninga-Krugera](#the-dunning-kruger-effect)
- [Prawo Fittsa](#fitts-law)
- [Prawo Galla](#galls-law)
- [Prawo Goodharta](#goodharts-law)
- [Brzytwa Hanlona](#hanlons-razor)
- [Prawo Hicka (Prawo Hicka-Hymana)](#hicks-law-hick-hyman-law)
- [Prawo Hofstadtera](#hofstadters-law)
- [Prawo Hutbera](#hutbers-law)
- [Cykl szumu i prawo Amary](#the-hype-cycle--amaras-law)
- [Prawo Hyruma (prawo niejawnych interfejsów)](#hyrums-law-the-law-of-implicit-interfaces)
- [Prawo Kernighana](#kernighans-law)
- [Prawo Linusa](#linuss-law)
- [Prawo Metcalfego](#metcalfes-law)
- [prawo Moore'a](#moores-law)
- [Prawo Murphy'ego / Prawo Soda](#murphys-law--sods-law)
- [Brzytwa Ockhama](#occams-razor)
- [Prawo Parkinsona](#parkinsons-law)
- [Przedwczesny efekt optymalizacji](#premature-optimization-effect)
- [Prawo Putta](#putts-law)
- [Prawo Reeda](#reeds-law)
- [Prawo zachowania złożoności (prawo Teslera)](#the-law-of-conservation-of-complexity-teslers-law)
- [Prawo Demeter](#the-law-of-demeter)
- [Prawo nieszczelnych abstrakcji](#the-law-of-leaky-abstractions)
- [Prawo trywialności](#the-law-of-triviality)
- [Filozofia Uniksa](#the-unix-philosophy)
- [Zasada Skauta](#the-scout-rule)
- [Model Spotify](#the-spotify-model)
- [Zasada dwóch pizzy](#the-two-pizza-rule)
- [Prawo Wadlera](#wadlers-law)
- [Prawo Wheatona](#wheatons-law)
- [Zasady](#principles)
- [Wszystkie modele są błędne (prawo George'a Boxa)](#all-models-are-wrong-george-boxs-law)
- [Płot Chestertona](#chestertons-fence)
- [Efekt Morza Martwego](#the-dead-sea-effect)
- [Zasada Dilberta](#the-dilbert-principle)
- [Zasada Pareto (Zasada 80/20)](#the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule)
- [Zasada Shirky](#the-shirky-principle)
- [Zasada Piotra](#the-peter-principle)
- [Zasada solidności (prawo Postela)](#the-robustness-principle-postels-law)
- [SOLIDNY](#solid)
- [Zasada pojedynczej odpowiedzialności](#the-single-responsibility-principle)
- [Zasada otwarcia/zamknięcia](#the-openclosed-principle)
- [Zasada substytucji Liskov](#the-liskov-substitution-principle)
- [Zasada segregacji interfejsów](#the-interface-segregation-principle)
- [Zasada odwrócenia zależności](#the-dependency-inversion-principle)
- [Zasada SUSZENIA](#the-dry-principle)
- [Zasada KISS](#the-kiss-principle)
- [Prawo Amdahla](#prawo-amdahla)
- [Teoria zepsutych okien](#teoria-zepsutych-okien)
- [Prawo Brooksa](#prawo-brooksa)
- [Twierdzenie CAP (Twierdzenie Brewera)](#twierdzenie-cap-twierdzenie-brewera)
- [Prawo Conwaya](#prawo-conwaya)
- [Prawo Cunninghama](#prawo-cunninghama)
- [Numer Dunbara](#numer-dunbara)
- [Efekt Dunninga-Krugera](#efekt-dunninga-krugera)
- [Prawo Fittsa](#prawo-fittsa)
- [Prawo Galla](#prawo-galla)
- [Prawo Goodharta](#prawo-goodharta)
- [Brzytwa Hanlona](#brzytwa-hanlona)
- [Prawo Hicka (Prawo Hicka-Hymana)](#prawo-hicka-prawo-hicka-hymana)
- [Prawo Hofstadtera](#prawo-hofstadtera)
- [Prawo Hutbera](#prawo-hutbera)
- [Cykl szumu i prawo Amary](#cykl-szumu-i-prawo-amary)
- [Prawo Hyruma (prawo niejawnych interfejsów)](#prawo-hyruma-prawo-niejawnych-interfejsów)
- [Prawo Kernighana](#prawo-kernighana)
- [Prawo Linusa](#prawo-linusa)
- [Prawo Metcalfego](#prawo-metcalfego)
- [prawo Moore'a](#prawo-moorea)
- [Prawo Murphy'ego / Prawo Soda](#prawo-murphyego--prawo-soda)
- [Brzytwa Ockhama](#brzytwa-ockohama)
- [Prawo Parkinsona](#prawo-parkinsona)
- [Przedwczesny efekt optymalizacji](#przedwczesny-efekt-optymalizacji)
- [Prawo Putta](#prawo-putta)
- [Prawo Reeda](#prawo-reeda)
- [Prawo zachowania złożoności (prawo Teslera)](#prawo-zachowania-złożoności-prawo-teslera)
- [Prawo Demeter](#prawo-demeter)
- [Prawo nieszczelnych abstrakcji](#prawo-nieszczelnych-abstrakcji)
- [Prawo trywialności](#prawo-trywialności)
- [Filozofia Uniksa](#filozofia-uniksa)
- [Zasada Skauta](#zasada-skauta)
- [Model Spotify](#model-spotify)
- [Zasada dwóch pizzy](#zasada-dwóch-pizzy)
- [Prawo Wadlera](#prawo-wadlera)
- [Prawo Wheatona](#prawo-wheatona)
- [Zasady](#zasady)
- [Wszystkie modele są błędne (prawo George'a Boxa)](#wszystkie-modele-są-błędne-prawo-georgea-boxa)
- [Płot Chestertona](#płot-chestertona)
- [Efekt Morza Martwego](#efekt-morza-martwego)
- [Zasada Dilberta](#zasada-dilberta)
- [Zasada Pareto (Zasada 80/20)](#zasada-pareto-zasada-8020)
- [Zasada Shirky](#zasada-shirky)
- [Zasada Piotra](#zasada-piotra)
- [Zasada solidności (prawo Postela)](#zasada-solidarności-prawo-postela)
- [SOLID](#solid)
- [Zasada pojedynczej odpowiedzialności](#zasada-pojedynczej-odpowiedzialności)
- [Zasada otwarcia/zamknięcia](#zasada-otwarcia-zamknięcia)
- [Zasada substytucji Liskov](#zasada-substytucji-liskov)
- [Zasada segregacji interfejsów](#zasada-segregacji-interfejsów)
- [Zasada odwrócenia zależności](#zasada-odwrócenia-zależności)
- [Zasada DRY](#zasada-dry)
- [Zasada KISS](#zasada-kiss)
- [YAGNI](#yagni)
- [Błędy przetwarzania rozproszonego](#the-fallacies-of-distributed-computing)
- [Lista rzeczy do przeczytania](#reading-list)
- [Zasoby online](#online-resources)
- [eBook w formacie PDF](#pdf-ebook)
- [Błędy przetwarzania rozproszonego](#błędy-przetwarzania-rozproszonego)
- [Lista rzeczy do przeczytania](#lista-rzeczy-do-przeczytania)
- [Zasoby online](#zasoby-online)
- [eBook w formacie PDF](#ebook-w-formacie-pdf)
- [Podcast](#podcast)
- [Tłumaczenia](#translations)
- [Powiązane projekty](#related-projects)
- [Przyczynianie się](#contributing)
- [DO ZROBIENIA](#todo)
- [Tłumaczenia](#tłumaczenia)
- [Powiązane projekty](#powiązane-projekty)
- [Przyczynianie się](#przyczynianie-się)
- [DO ZROBIENIA](#do-zrobienia)
<!-- vim-markdown-toc -->
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ Zobacz też:
- [Prawo Hyruma](#hyrums-law-the-law-of-implicit-interfaces)
### SOLIDNY
### SOLID
To jest akronim, który odnosi się do:
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ Teoretycznie powinno to sprawić, że kod będzie bardziej niezawodny i łatwiej
Zobacz też:
- [Programowanie obiektowe](#todo)
- [SOLIDNY](#solid)
- [SOLID](#solid)
### Zasada otwarcia/zamknięcia
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ Ta zasada ma szczególne znaczenie w przypadku programowania obiektowego, w któ
Zobacz też:
- [Programowanie obiektowe](#todo)
- [SOLIDNY](#solid)
- [SOLID](#solid)
### Zasada substytucji Liskov
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ Zasada ta ma szczególne znaczenie w przypadku programowania obiektowego, w któ
Zobacz też:
- [Programowanie obiektowe](#todo)
- [SOLIDNY](#solid)
- [SOLID](#solid)
### Zasada segregacji interfejsów
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ Zasada ta ma szczególne znaczenie dla programowania obiektowego, w którym inte
Zobacz też:
- [Programowanie obiektowe](#todo)
- [SOLIDNY](#solid)
- [SOLID](#solid)
- [Pisanie kaczki](#todo)
- [Oddzielenie](#todo)
@@ -907,11 +907,11 @@ Ta zasada jest złożona, ponieważ może się wydawać, że „odwraca” oczek
Zobacz też:
- [Programowanie obiektowe](#todo)
- [SOLIDNY](#solid)
- [SOLID](#solid)
- [Odwrócenie sterowania](#todo)
- [Wstrzykiwanie zależności](#todo)
### Zasada SUSZENIA
### Zasada DRY
[Zasada DRY na Wikipedii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself)