Better constant value management (#1335)

* Starts work on #929 
* Adds Enum classes that can be accessed from JS, Jinja, and Python code. This allows for the sharing of constant values between the three major codebases in CTFd.

tests/constants/test_constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from CTFd.constants import RawEnum, JSEnum, JinjaEnum
+from tests.helpers import create_ctfd, destroy_ctfd
+
+
+def test_RawEnum():
+    class Colors(str, RawEnum):
+        RED = "red"
+        GREEN = "green"
+        BLUE = "blue"
+
+    class Numbers(str, RawEnum):
+        ONE = 1
+        TWO = 2
+        THREE = 3
+
+    assert Colors.RED == "red"
+    assert Colors.GREEN == "green"
+    assert Colors.BLUE == "blue"
+    assert Colors.test("red") is True
+    assert Colors.test("purple") is False
+    assert str(Numbers.ONE) == "1"
+    assert sorted(Colors.keys()) == sorted(["RED", "GREEN", "BLUE"])
+    assert sorted(Colors.values()) == sorted(["red", "green", "blue"])
+
+
+def test_JSEnum():
+    from CTFd.constants import JS_ENUMS
+    import json
+
+    @JSEnum
+    class Colors(str, RawEnum):
+        RED = "red"
+        GREEN = "green"
+        BLUE = "blue"
+
+    assert JS_ENUMS["Colors"] == {"RED": "red", "GREEN": "green", "BLUE": "blue"}
+    assert json.dumps(JS_ENUMS)
+
+
+def test_JinjaEnum():
+    app = create_ctfd()
+    with app.app_context():
+
+        @JinjaEnum
+        class Colors(str, RawEnum):
+            RED = "red"
+            GREEN = "green"
+            BLUE = "blue"
+
+        assert app.jinja_env.globals["Colors"] is Colors
+        assert app.jinja_env.globals["Colors"].RED == "red"
+    destroy_ctfd(app)